Recent verifications of a new relativity principle

arXiv:gr-qc/0412043v215Mar2005RecentverificationsofanewrelativityprincipleandanewgravitationaltheorybasedonpropertiesoflightRafaelA.Vera∗DepartamentodeF´isica.FacultaddeCienciasF´isicasyMatem´aticas.UniversidaddeConcepci´on.Concepcion.Chile.AbstractRecentastronomicalobservationsverifythenewscenarioresultingfromnewconservationlawsandanewrelativityprinciplefixedeitherbydualpropertiesoflightorbynewgravitational(G)testsandtheEinstein’sequiv-alenceprinciple.Thisscenarioisradicallydifferentfromtheclassicalone.Duringafreefall,therelativemassesoffreebodies,withrespecttotheob-serveratrestinaGfield,remainconstants.TheenergyreleasedduringthestopsindifferentGpotentials(GP)comesnotfromtheGfieldbutfromthebodies.Therelativepropertiesofthebodiesatrestwithrespecttotheob-serverdependonthedifferencesofGPbetweenthebodiesandtheobserver.TheincreaseofGPduetouniverseexpansionexpandsbodiesinidenti-calproportion.Theuniverseagemaybeinfinite.Itsentropyisconservedbecausethenewblackhole,withoutsingularity,afterabsorbingradiation,explodesregeneratingnewgasthattransformsdarkgalaxiesintoluminousones.Galaxiesevolve,indefinitelyinclosedcycleswithluminousanddarkperiods.Alloftheirphasesarefoundanywhereintheuniverse.Theysolvefundamentaldilemmaslikedarkmatterandradiationbackgrounds∗[e-mail]n’sCentennialSymposiumonFundamentalPhysics(Bo-got´a,1979),thedualpropertiesoflighthavebeenusedasacrucialtestforgravitational(G)theories[1].Thusitisproved,accordingtowavecontinuity,thattherelativefrequencyofanelectromagneticwave-traintravelinginastaticGfield,withrespecttoanywell-definedobserveratrestthefield,mustbeconserved1.Thisnew“conservationlaw”isinclearcontradictionwiththeEinstein’sGfieldenergyhypothesis(GFEH)accordingtowhichthepho-tonswouldchangetheirfrequencies,duringtheirtrips,duetoahypotheticalenergyexchangewiththeGfield.Thisnewlawhasbeengeneralizedforbodiesonthebaseof“anewtheorybasedonaparticlemodelmadeupofphotonsinstationarystates”[2].Thismodelisjustifiedfromthefactthat,“accordingtotheEinstein’sequivalenceprinciple(EEP),allofthewell-definedpartsofasystemthatmustobeythesameinertialandgravitationallaws”.Sincetheminimumwell-definedpartofasystemisaphotoninstationarystatebetweenotherwell-definedpartsofthesamesystem,thensuchphotonmusthavethesameinertialandgravitationalpropertiesoftheotherpartsofsuchsystem.Theninprincipletheinertialandgravitationalpropertiesofbodiescanbederived,independentlyonthetraditionalhypotheses,byusingaparticlemodelmadeupofaphotoninstationarystate.Effectively,sofar,therelativepropertiesofsuchmodel,derivedtheoret-ically,docorrespondwithspecialrelativity(SR),quantummechanicsandwithalloftheclassicaltestsforGtheories[2],[3].Theycanbesummarizedintoanew“relativemass-energyconservationlaw”and“anon-equivalenceprinciple”(NEP)forbodiesindifferentGP.Accordingtothem,therelativemass-energyandtherelativefrequenciesofabody(oraphoton)travelingfreelyinaGfield,withrespecttoanyobserveratrestinaconstantGP,re-mainconstants.IfthebodystopsindifferentGpotentialsitreleases,locally,differentenergies,and,therefore,itsfinalrelativepropertiesarelinearlyde-pendentonitscorrespondingdifferenceofGPwithrespecttotheobserver.1Fromwavecontinuity,duringthetrip,thenumberNofwavesbetweenanytwowavesofawavetrainisconserved.Ontheotherhand,eachwavetakesthesametimeinterval,ofaclockofconstantfrequency,totravelbetweenanytwopointsAandBofastaticGfield.ThentherelativefrequencyofthewavescrossingthepointBwithrespecttotheclockoftheobserveratAisidenticaltothefrequencyofthewavescrossingthepointA,withrespecttothesameclock2Theproportionaldifferencesoffrequencies,mass-energiesandlengthsoftheNLbody,comparedwiththelocalones,attheobserver’spotential,arejustequaltotheirrespectivedifferencesofGP.TheNEPhasbeensuccessfullytestedwithalloftheclassicaltestsforGtheories[1][2].Below,ithasbeendirectlyverified,independentlyontheparticlemodel,fromanewtestbasedontheconditionofconsistencyoftheEEPwiththeresultsofgenuineGTDexperimentsthatdon’tdependonthefrequencyofanyphotonstravelingbetweentheclocks.Furtherverificationscomefromtheagreementofthenewastrophysicalcontextpredictedfromsuchprincipleandsomerecentastronomicalobservations.II.ANEWTESTFORTHENEWPRINCIPLEFromtheresultsofthegenuineGTDexperimentsitisconcludedthat“theproportionaldifferencesoffrequencyofthestandardclocksatrestindifferentGParejustequaltothedifferencesofGPbetweenthem”.Then,todescribetherealphysicaldifferencesofanon-local(NL)clockatsomeNLpositionBwithrespecttosomeobserverinapositionA,anewformalismmustbeusedinwhichthepositionsAandBmustbeclearlystated.Here,andintheworkscitedabove,theobserver’sposition,whichismostimportant,hasbeenindicatedbyasubscript.ThustheresultsofGTDexperiments,reducedtostaticconditions,canbestatedintheform:νA(0,B)−νA(0,A)νA(0,A)=ΔφA(B)=ΔEA(B)mA(0,A)(1)Thefirstmemberiscalled“theproportionaldifferenceoffrequencyoftheNLclockatBwithrespecttothe(local)clockatA”.ThisoneturnsouttobejustequaltothedifferenceofGPbetweenBandA,calledΔφA(B),whichisdefinedin(1)astheproportionalenergyreleasedbytheclock,oranyothersmalltestbody,afterafreefallfromBandas