高鸿业版本宏观经济学PPT

©2013CengageLearning.AllRightsReserved.Maynotbecopied,scanned,orduplicated,inwholeorinpart,exceptforuseaspermittedinalicensedistributedwithacertainproductorserviceorotherwiseonapassword-protectedwebsiteforclassroomuse.0*宏观经济政策的目标1.充分就业（减少失业）2.稳定物价：保持价格总水平的稳定。3.促进经济增长4.维持国际收支平衡。©2013CengageLearning.AllRightsReserved.Maynotbecopied,scanned,orduplicated,inwholeorinpart,exceptforuseaspermittedinalicensedistributedwithacertainproductorserviceorotherwiseonapassword-protectedwebsiteforclassroomuse.1*国内生产总值（GDP）：物品用它们的市场价值来评价，那:所有物品都用相同的单位来衡量(比如,在美国用美元)那些没有市场价值的物品被排除在外，比如你为自己而做的家务在某一既定时期一个国家内生产的所有最终物品与劳务的市场价值©2013CengageLearning.AllRightsReserved.Maynotbecopied,scanned,orduplicated,inwholeorinpart,exceptforuseaspermittedinalicensedistributedwithacertainproductorserviceorotherwiseonapassword-protectedwebsiteforclassroomuse.2*国内生产总值(GDP)：GDP包括有形的物品(比如DVD,山地自行车,啤酒)也包括无形的劳务(比如干洗,音乐会,移动电话服务)在某一既定时期一个国家内生产的所有最终物品和劳务的市场价值©2013CengageLearning.AllRightsReserved.Maynotbecopied,scanned,orduplicated,inwholeorinpart,exceptforuseaspermittedinalicensedistributedwithacertainproductorserviceorotherwiseonapassword-protectedwebsiteforclassroomuse.3*GDP的组成部分GDP是总支出四个组成部分：消费（C）投资（I）政府购买（G）净出口（NX）这四个组成部分的总和等于GDP（用Y表示）：Y=C+I+G+NX主动学习1参考答案A.Debbie在波士顿最好的饭店花了$200请他丈夫吃晚饭消费和GDP都增加了200美元B.Sarah为了出版业务的需要，花$1800买了一台新笔记本。这台笔记本是在中国制造的投资增加1800美元，净出口减少1800美元,GDP不变©2013CengageLearning.AllRightsReserved.Maynotbecopied,scanned,orduplicated,inwholeorinpart,exceptforuseaspermittedinalicensedistributedwithacertainproductorserviceorotherwiseonapassword-protectedwebsiteforclassroomuse.主动学习1参考答案C.Jane为了她编辑业务的需要花了$1200购买一台新电脑，这台电脑是由本地的制造商在去年生产的当前的GDP与投资都不变，因为电脑是在去年生产出来的D.通用汽车公司生产了价值5亿美元的汽车，但消费者只购买了价值4.7亿美元的汽车消费增加4.7亿美元，存货投资增加0.3亿，GDP增加5亿美元©2013CengageLearning.AllRightsReserved.Maynotbecopied,scanned,orduplicated,inwholeorinpart,exceptforuseaspermittedinalicensedistributedwithacertainproductorserviceorotherwiseonapassword-protectedwebsiteforclassroomuse.©2013CengageLearning.AllRightsReserved.Maynotbecopied,scanned,orduplicated,inwholeorinpart,exceptforuseaspermittedinalicensedistributedwithacertainproductorserviceorotherwiseonapassword-protectedwebsiteforclassroomuse.6*真实GDP与名义GDP通货膨胀会扭曲像GDP这样的经济变量，因此我们有两种类型的GDP：名义GDP按现期价格评价的物品与劳务的生产没有经过通货膨胀校正真实GDP按基年价格评价的物品与劳务的生产经过通货膨胀校正©2013CengageLearning.AllRightsReserved.Maynotbecopied,scanned,orduplicated,inwholeorinpart,exceptforuseaspermittedinalicensedistributedwithacertainproductorserviceorotherwiseonapassword-protectedwebsiteforclassroomuse.7*GDP平减指数GDP平减指数是对总体价格水平的衡量定义:衡量经济通货膨胀率的一种方法是计算从一年到下一年GDP平减指数增加的百分比GDP平减指数=100x名义GDP真实GDP©2013CengageLearning.AllRightsReserved.Maynotbecopied,scanned,orduplicated,inwholeorinpart,exceptforuseaspermittedinalicensedistributedwithacertainproductorserviceorotherwiseonapassword-protectedwebsiteforclassroomuse.8*例:计算每年的GDP平减指数：年份名义GDP真实GDPGDP平减指数2011$6000$60002012$8250$72002013$10,800$84002011:100x(6000/6000)=100.0100.02012:100x(8250/7200)=114.6114.62013:100x(10,800/8400)=128.6128.614.6%12.2%主动学习2GDP的计算©2013CengageLearning.AllRightsReserved.Maynotbecopied,scanned,orduplicated,inwholeorinpart,exceptforuseaspermittedinalicensedistributedwithacertainproductorserviceorotherwiseonapassword-protectedwebsiteforclassroomuse.使用上述数据解决以下问题：A.计算2011年的名义GDP.B.计算2012年的真实GDP.C.计算2013年的GDP平减指数.2011(基年)20122013PQPQPQ物品A$30900$311000$361050物品B$100192$102200$100205主动学习2参考答案©2013CengageLearning.AllRightsReserved.Maynotbecopied,scanned,orduplicated,inwholeorinpart,exceptforuseaspermittedinalicensedistributedwithacertainproductorserviceorotherwiseonapassword-protectedwebsiteforclassroomuse.A.计算2011年的名义GDP.$30x900+$100x192=$46,200B.计算2012年的真实GDP.$30x1000+$100x200=$50,0002011(基年)20122013PQPQPQ物品A$30900$311,000$361050物品B$100192$102200$100205主动学习2参考答案©2013CengageLearning.AllRightsReserved.Maynotbecopied,scanned,orduplicated,inwholeorinpart,exceptforuseaspermittedinalicensedistributedwithacertainproductorserviceorotherwiseonapassword-protectedwebsiteforclassroomuse.C.计算2013年的GDP平减指数.名义GDP=$36x1050+$100x205=$58,300真实GDP=$30x1050+$100x205=$52,000GDP平减指数=100x(名义GDP)/(真实GDP)=100x($58,300)/($52,000)=112.12011(基年)20122013PQPQPQGoodA$30900$311,000$361050GoodB$100192$102200$100205©2013CengageLearning.AllRightsReserved.Maynotbecopied,scanned,orduplicated,inwholeorinpart,exceptforuseaspermittedinalicensedistributedwithacertainproductorserviceorotherwiseonapassword-protectedwebsiteforclassroomuse.12*如何计算消费物价指数4.选择基年并计算指数任一年的CPI等于5.计算通货膨胀率从上一年以来物价指数变动的百分比100x当年一篮子物品与劳务的费用基年一篮子物品与劳务的费用今年CPI–去年CPI去年CPI通货膨胀率x100%=©2013CengageLearning.AllRightsReserved.Maynotbecopied,scanned,orduplicated,inwholeorinpart,exceptforuseaspermittedinalicensedistributedwithacertainproductorserviceorotherwiseonapassword-protectedwebsiteforclassroomuse.13主动学习1计算CPI©2013CengageLearning.AllRightsReserved.Maynotbecopied,scanned,orduplicated,inwholeorinpart,exceptforuseaspermittedinalicensedistributedwithacertainproductorserviceorotherwiseonapassword-protectedwebsiteforclassroomuse.CPI篮子:{10磅牛肉,20磅鸡肉}在2004年CPI篮子的费用是120美元，以2010年为基年A.计算2