初中英语人教版八年级下册语法课件

已学习过的时态名称时间动动词形式一般现在时平时，经常1.v原形2.v+s/es（三单现）现在进行时正在进行am/is/are+v-ing一般将来时即将，计划1.will/shal原形2.am/is/aregoingto+v原形一般过去时过去（与现在无关）1.v-ed（规则动词）2.不规则动词过去进行时过去某一时间，在进行1.v原形2.v+s/es（三单现）am/is/are+v-ing1.will/shall+v原形2.am/is/aregoingto+v原1.v-ed（规则动词）2.不规则动词was/were+v-ing判断下列句子的时态•1.Sheworksinafactory.•2.Iwasdoingmyhomeworkatthistimeyesterday.•3.WearegoingtohaveapicnicthisSunday.•4.Theyheldasportsmeetinglastweek.•5.Areyouhelpingyourmother?一般现在时过去进行时一般将来时一般过去时现在进行时PresentPerfectTense现在完成时态的用法表示已完成的某一动作对现在造成的影响或结果一、结构：二、句式：三、用法及标志词：四、注意事项：动词的过去分词形式•1.规则动词•2.不规则动词finish--finished--finishedlive--lived--livedcarry--carried--carriedstop—stopped--stoppedEg.go—went—gonesee---saw—seenforget—forgot--forgotten一、过去式和过去分词的变化相同规则变化：1.一般在动词词尾直接加ed。如：pick→picked→picked;wish→wished→wished;stay→stayed→stayed2.以不发音的e结尾的动词后面加d。如：like→liked→liked;hope→hoped→hoped;phone→phoned→phoned3.以“辅音字母+y”结尾的动词，变y为i，再加-ed。如：study→studied→studied;hurry→hurried→hurried;reply→replied→replied4.词尾只有一个辅音字母的重读闭音节动词，要双写辅音字母，再加-ed。如：stop→stopped→stopped;clap→clapped→clapped不规则变化：p1365.以不变应万变。如：let→let→let;put→put→put;read→read→read6.若中间有双写e，则去掉一个e，单词末尾再加t。如：feel→felt→felt;keep→kept→kept;sleep→slept→slept7.结尾的字母d变t。如：lend→lent→lent;build→built→built;send→sent→sent8.变为以-ought或-aught结尾。如：buy→bought→bought;bring→brought→brought;catch→caught→caught;teach→taught→taught【精点分析】一、现在完成时态的结构：主语+have/has+动词过去分词(注：过去分词规则变化方式同过去式，不规则变化见不规则动词表)例：Ihavefinishedmyhomework.Hehasfoundhispen.二、现在完成时态的句式：1、陈述句：Wehaveseenthefilmbefore.Shehaslearned2000words.2、一般问句及简略回答：Haveyouseenthefilmbefore?Yes,wehave.No,wehaven't.Hasshelearned2000words?Yes,shehas.No,shehasn't.3、否定句：Wehaven'tseenthefilm.Shehasn'tlearned2000words.三、现在完成时态的用法：标志词:already:多用于陈述句，位于have/has后，有时位于句尾。例：Ihavealreadyfinishedmyhomework.yet:用于疑问句和否定句，位于句尾。例：Haveyoufoundyourlostbookyet?Ihaven'thadbreakfastyet.ever:多用于疑问句.例Hasyourfathereverspokentoaforeigner?never:用于否定句，位于have/has后例：We'venevermetsuchatallman.just:多用于陈述句，位于have/has后例：Lucyhasjustwashedherclothes.before:可用于各句式，位于句尾。例：Ihavereadthisbookbefore.Hehasn'tbeenabroadbefore.HaveyouflowntoHainanbefore?b.无标志词的：例:Heisnotfeelingwellnow.Hehascaughtacold.Ihavelostthekey.Ican'tgointomyroom.根据要求完成各题，每空一词(含缩略形式)。1.Ihavealreadyboughtabookinthisstore.(改一般疑问句)_________you_________abookinthisstore_________?2.HasTimtakenthemedicine?(作肯定回答)_________,__________________.3.Havetheydecidedtotakealongjourney?(作否定回答)_________,__________________.4.Jillhasalreadytoldhermotherthetruthofthematter.(改为否定句)Jill__________________hermotherthetruthofthematter_________.5.Tonydidn’tstoplookingforhislostcat.(改为同义句)Tonydidn’t__________________lookingforhislostcat.HaveboughtyetYeshehasNotheyhaven’thasn’ttoldyetgiveup四、使用现在完成时应注意的问题：1.现在完成时与一般过去时的区别1）一般过去时表示过去的事实，强调动作发生的时间、地点、方式；2）而现在完成时表示过去动作与现在的关系，强调对现在的影响或产生的结果例：1）Ihadmylunchattwelveatschool.我十二点在学校吃的午饭。(强调吃饭的时间、地点，不涉及现在情况)2）Ihavehadmylunch.我吃过午饭了。(强调吃饭对现在的影响是饱了，不须再吃了)3）When/Wheredidyouhaveit?什么时候/在哪儿吃的？(不管问时间还是地点，都与现在无关，故用一般过去时）一、根据句义和所给汉语提示，完成下列单词：1.Hashefinishedhishomework?(已经）2.Shehas(从未）beenlateforschool.3.Theoldman(没吃)breakfastyet.4.Myfather(刚刚离开)Beijing.5.IamsorryI(忘）mybookathome.6.Hehas(买）abikelikethisbefore.7.Theyhave(借）manybooksfromthenewlibrary.yetneverhasn’thadhasjustlefthaveleftboughtborrowedExercises4aUsethewordsinbracketstocompletetheconversations.1.A:Wouldyoulikesomethingtodrink?B:No,thanks._______________________.(just/drinksometea)2.A:Iheardyoulostyourkey.____________________?(find)B:No,notyet.IhavejustdrunksometeaHaveyoufoundit3.A:DoyouknowwhenTomisleaving?B:_________________.(already/leave)A:When____________?(leave)B:Thismorning.4.A:Isyoursistergoingtothemovieswithustonight?B:No._____________.(already/seethefilm)5.A:Whatdoyourparentsthinkaboutourplan?B:I__________________.(not/tellthem/yet)HehasalreadyleftdidheleaveShehasalreadyseenthefilmhaven’ttoldthemyet4bFillintheblankswiththecorrectformsofthewordsinthebrackets.Sally____(love)reading.Inthemorningshereadsthenewspaperandintheeveningshereadsbooks.She___already____(read)morethan100differentbooks.Herfavoritekindofbooksissciencefiction.Sheisinterestedinscienceandtechnologyandlovestoimaginewhattheworld______(be)likein50years.loveshasreadwillbeShe_______(finish)readingabookaboutrobotslastweekand_________(write)abookreportaboutitnextweekforherFrenchclass.Everytimesheisinthelibrary,Sallylooksatthemanybooksshe__________(notread)yetandshecan’twaittoreadthem.finishedwillwritehasn’tread()【2013广西贵港】—DoyouknowthemovieLostinThailand?—Yes.I______ittwice.It’sfunny.A.sawB.seeC.haveseenD.willseeC()【2013黑龙江牡丹江】—Lunch?—No,thanks.I__________.A.willeatB.ameatingC.haveeaten()【2013湖北黄冈】—WhereisTom?Wecan’tfindhimanywhere.—Perhapshe_____home.A.hascomeB.isgoingC.wentD.wasgoingCA二、选择题：1.Haveyouhadyourlunch?A.Yes,Ihavehaditat11:30B.Yes,Ihadhaditat11:30C.Yes,Ihaditat11:30D.Yes,Ihaveitat11:302.Don'tworry.Thepoliceyourlostson.A.foundB.werefoundC.arefindingD.havefound3.--WouldyouliketoseeHobbitIIIwithme?---Sorry.I_______thefilmbefore.A.sawB.haveseenC.seeD.willsee4.-AnnhasgonetoShanghai.-Soherparents.A.hasB.haveC.