城市生态系统

UrbanEcosystem2010级生态学吕胜满DefinitionsandStructure2OUTLINE1DefinitionsandStructureofCity/UrbanEcosystem2EnergyandMaterialFlowthroughUrbanEcosystem3InDefenseofUrbanEcosystem3Citysetting1DefinitionsandStructureofCity/UrbanEcosystemWhatis‘CITY/UrbanEcosystem’?PoliticalSocialEconomicEcologicalDefinitionsandStructure4SomeDefinitions1U.S.CensusBureaus:Bepopulatedregionswithadensityof1600people/squareKmandaminimumpopulationof2500.2ROSACensusBureaus:Cityareasisbuilt-upareas,includingvacantspacewithinalocalauthorityboundary,withhouse,flat,hotel,parks,school….3马世骏指出:“城市生态系统是一个以人为中心的自然，经济与社会的复合人工生态系统”DefinitionsandStructure5StructureofCity/UrbanEcosystemDefinitionsandStructure6Citiesareurbanecosystemswhichincludebothnatureandhumans,includenature,socioeconomicsubsystemsDifferencesbetweennatureandurbanecosystemDefinitionsandStructure7Anecosystemhastwoparts.BioticFactors•Livingthings(plants,animals,bacteria)AbioticFactors•Nonlivingthings(air,water,soil,climate…)CitiesareurbanecosystemsBioticFactors(mostlyHUMANS)AbioticFactors(buildings,transportationnetworks,modifiedsurfaces2EnergyandMaterialFlowthroughtheUrbanEcosystemINPUTSStoredInputs:constructionandwasteTransformedInputs:food,fuel,andwaterPassiveInputs:air,waterandheatOUTPUTSAtmosphericOutputsAquaticandMarineOutputsEarthSystemLinkagesEnergyandMaterialFlow8StoredInputsEnergyandMaterialFlow9TransformedInputsEnergyandMaterialFlow102waterPassiveInputsEnergyandMaterialFlow11Air,waterandheatAtmosphericOutputsEnergyandMaterialFlow12UrbanHeatIslandEnergyandMaterialFlow131Modifythelandsurfacebywhichusesmaterialswhicheffectivelyretainheat.2Wasteheatgeneratedbyenergyusageisasecondarycontributor.YuzhongCampusandLanzhouCityAquaticandMarineOutputsEnergyandMaterialFlow14EarthSystemLinkagesEnergyandMaterialFlow15EnergyandMaterialFlow16Differencesbetweennatureandurbanecosystem1Uncompletedcycle:Linear(line-like)VSCycles(circle-like)2InputsOutputs3EnergyflowEnergyandMaterialFlow17urbanecosystem183InDefenseofUrbanEcosystemInDefenseofUrbanEcosystem19