同位语从句

由两个或两个以上同一层次的语言单位组成的结构,其中前项与后项所指相同,句法功能也相同,后项是前项的同位语。e.g.Mr.Smith,ournewteacher,isverykindtous.我们的新老师史密斯先生对我们很好。(ournewteacher是Mr.Smith的同位语,指同一人。)如同位语与其同位成分关系紧密时不用逗点隔开;如同位语对其同位成分只作补充解释时可用逗点、破折号或冒号隔开。e.g.HetoldmethathisbrotherJohnisaworld-famousdoctor.他本人对我讲,他的兄长约翰是一位世界闻名的医生。Theorphan’sdailynecessities—clothes,food,etc.—aresuppliedbyakind-heartedteacher.Nounscanbedividedintotwokinds:thecountablenounandtheuncountablenoun.同位语的构成1.名词(短语)或all,each,both等代词(有时有逗号隔开)e.g.Mr.Johnsoncaresforusstudentsverymuch.WestudentsallrespecthimMr.Johnson,ourEnglishteacher.Theyarebothinfavoroftheplan.(紧接在助动词、系动词等)2.动名词短语(有逗号隔开)e.g.Heenjoystheexercise,swimminginwinter.3.不定式短语(有时有逗号隔开)e.g.Thequestionwhattodonexthasn'tbeenconsidered．4.形容词及其短语(有逗号隔开)e.g.Hereadallkindsofbooks,ancientandmodern,Chineseandforeign.Allthecountries,bigorsmall,areequal.5.名词性从句先行词有fact,news,truth,knowledge,idea,hope,question,problem,assumption等。e.g.Youhaveyettoanswermyquestionwhetheryoucanlendmeyourbike.同位语从句Thereisnodoubtthattheearthisbecomingwarmer(seeGraph1)andthatitishumanactivitythathascausedthisglobalwarmingratherthanarandombutnaturalphenomenon.(U4,B6)Allscientistssubscribetotheviewthattheincreaseintheearth'stemperatureisduetotheburningoffossilfuelslikecoal,naturalgasandoiltoproduceenergy.(U4,B6)Thefactthatsheseemedtodevelopnormallywasveryencouraging.ThencamethedisturbingnewsthatDollyhadbecomeseriouslyill.Theysupporttheideathatthereshouldbemedicalcloning.(U2,B8)Thiswasintheexpectationthatthesnakeswouldbiteagain.(U3,B8)So,whenhewonthirdplace,hecametotheunderstandingthathisbodywasjustaninstrumentofthespiritandthatheseemedtobeabletousehisspirittoaccomplishanything.(U1,B9)EuropeanbotanistswereveryexcitedwiththeknowledgethatChinahadavastvarietyofplants.(U4,B9)下列名词表示一种事实，因此后接同位语从句时用that引导:ability,answer,anxiety,assumption(设想),belief,conclusion,decision,dream,evidence,fact,fear,feeling,hope,idea,impression,message,news,nodoubt,opinion,order,possibility,promise,proposal,remark,rumor(谣言),reply,report,request,resolution(决议),saying,story(传说),suggestion,thought,truth,warning,wish,word(消息)等。事实、观点类I’vecometotheconclusion____itwasunwisetodothat.我得出结论这样做是不明智的。Thegeneralgavetheorder____thesoldiersshouldcrosstheriveratonce.将军下达了战士们立即过河的命令。HereferredtoCopernicus’statement____theearthmovesroundthesun.他提到了哥白尼关于地球绕太阳转的说法。Theywerefacedwiththedemandthatthistax___________(abolish).他们面对废除这个税的要求。Theyexpressedthewishthatshe______theaward.他们表示希望她接受这笔奖金。TherewasasuggestionthatBrown_________droppedfromtheteam.有一项建议是布朗应该离队。Thesuggestionthatthenewrule_________camefromthechairman.采纳新规则的建议是主席提出的。Theresolutionthatwomen_________tojointhesocietywascarried.允许妇女参加这个协会的决议通过了。Icanunderstandtheireagernessthatyou________themainspeaker.我理解他们希望你作主要发言人的殷切心情。thatthatthatbeabolishedaccept(should)bebeadoptedbeallowedshouldbe先行词表示“命令、建议、要求、愿望”(advice,command,demand,desire,eagerness,order,request,requirement,resolution(决议),suggestion,wish)等时，后面的同位语从句的谓语动词用“(should)+原形”虚拟式。Thestorygoesthathebeatshiswife.传说他打老婆。Thenewsgotaboutthathehadwonacarinthelottery.消息传开说他中彩得了一辆汽车。Therumourspreadthatanewschoolwouldbebuilthere.谣传这里要盖一所新学校。ReporthasitthattheSmithsareleavingtown.有传言说史密斯一家要离开这座城市。Thethoughtcametohimthatmaybetheenemyhadfledthecity.他想到可能敌人已逃离这座城市。Theordersooncamethatallcitizensshouldevacuatethevillage.不久命令下来，所有居民都必须撤出村子。主句主语后接同位语从句且主句谓语部分简短时，同位语从句置于主句谓语后而与先行词(主语)分离。Dollythesheepbecameascientificbreakthroughwhenthenewsthatshehadbeenbornwasannounced1997.However,theproblemthatshelaterdevelopedaseriouslungdiseasebotheredscientists.On14thFebruary2003scientistsmadethedecisionthatDollyshouldbeputtosleep.Dolly'sdeath,likeherbirth,wasboundtoraiseworries.ThefactthatDollydiedwhenshewasquiteyoungdisappointedpeopletheworldover.Scientistsholdthebeliefthatcloningmayleadtomanyimportantscientificbreakthroughsandmedicaltreatments.Butnowthequestioncomestotheirminds,Didshedieyoungbecauseshewasaclone?Besidesthat,thereisalsoafiercedebateoverthequestionwhetherhumancloningexperimentsshouldbeallowed.Scientistsbelievehumancloningisjustamatteroftimebuttheassumptionthathumancloneshavealreadybeenbornhasn'tbeenprovedyet._____________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________P.141.There’safeelinginme______we’llneverknowwhataUFOis—notever.〖02上海〗2.Thereisanewprobleminvolvedinthepopularityofprivatecars_______roadconditionsneedtobeimproved.〖02上海春〗3.Alongwiththeletterwashispromise_____hewouldvisitmethiscomingChristmas.〖04上海春〗4.Danbyleftwordwithmysecretary______hewouldcallagainintheafternoon.〖05浙江〗5.Awarmthoughtsuddenlycametome______Imightusethepocketmoneytobuysomeflowersformymother’sbirthday.(06安徽)6.—It’sthirtyyearssincewelastmet.—ButIstillrememberthestory,believeitornot,______wegotlostonarainynight.(06四川)thatthatthatthatthatthat7.－Isthereanypossibility_____youcouldpickmeupattheairport?