Practical Writing How to write a speech

RelatedInformationPracticalWritingCheckYourselfFunTimeBOOK4Unit81.AbrahamLincoln(1809-1865)AbrahamLincolnwasthe16thPresidentoftheUnitedStatesofAmerica.HeservedasPresidentfromMarch4,1861untilApril15,1865(Hewasre-electedin1864).AbrahamLincolnwasborninalogcabinnearHodgenville,Kentucky.Hehadverylittleformalschoolingandwasmostlyself-educated.I.RelatedInformationBOOK4Unit8HeeventuallybecamealawyerandaRepublicanpolitician,andearnedthenicknameHonestAbe.In1842LincolnmarriedMaryTodd.Theyhadfoursons,butonlyonesurvivedchildhood.DuringLincoln'spresidency,theSouthernstatessecededfrom(left)theUnionbecauseLincolnandtheNorthernstateswereagainstslavery.SixweeksafterbecomingPresident,theCivilWarbegan.Inthiswar,theNorthernstates(whichstayedintheUnion)foughttheSouthernstates(calledtheConfederacy).TheCivilWarlastedfrom1861to1865.BOOK4Unit8OnJan.1,1863,LincolnissuedtheEmancipationProclamation,whicheventuallyledtothefreeingofallslavesintheUSA.DuringtheCivilWar,Lincolngavemanyspeeches,includingtheGettysburgAddress(Nov.1863),ashortspeechinwhichhestatedhowacountrymustbededicatedtohumanfreedominordertosurvive.Lincolnwasre-electedPresidentin1864.GeneralRobertE.Lee(fromtheConfederacy)surrenderedtoGeneralUlyssesS.Grant(fromtheUnion)onApril9,1865,effectivelyendingtheCivilWar.BOOK4Unit8LincolnwasshotonApril14,1865,byJohnWilkesBooth(anactor)whileattendingaplayatFord'sTheaterinWashington,D.C.Hediedthenextmorning.HewasthefirstUSPresidenteverassassinated.Bothhisfriendsandhisenemiespraisedhisselflessnessandkindness.Americanswillrememberhim.BOOK4Unit82.NelsonMandela(1818-)NelsonRolihlahlaMandelawasborninTranskei,SouthAfricaonJuly18,1918.HisfatherwasChiefHenryMandelaoftheTembuTribe.MandelahimselfwaseducatedatUniversityCollegeofFortHareandtheUniversityofWitwatersrandandqualifiedinlawin1942.HejoinedtheAfricanNationalCongress(ANC)in1944andwasengagedinresistanceagainsttherulingNationalParty'sapartheidpoliciesafter1948.BOOK4Unit8AfterthebanningoftheANCin1960,NelsonMandelaarguedforthesettingupofamilitarywingwithintheANC.ThisledtotheformationofUmkhontoweSizwe.In1964,Mandelawasbroughttostandtrialforplottingtooverthrowthegovernmentbyviolenceandwassentencedtolifeimprisonment.Duringhisyearsinprison,NelsonMandela'sreputationgrewsteadily.HewaswidelyacceptedasthemostsignificantblackleaderinSouthAfricaandbecameapotentsymbolofresistanceastheanti-apartheidmovementgatheredstrength.Heconsistentlyrefusedtocompromisehispoliticalpositiontoobtainhisfreedom.BOOK4Unit8NelsonMandelawasreleasedonFebruary18,1990.Afterhisrelease,heplungedhimselfwholeheartedlyintohislife'swork,strivingtoattainthegoalsheandothershadsetoutalmostfourdecadesearlier.In1991,atthefirstnationalconferenceoftheANCheldinsideSouthAfricaaftertheorganizationhadbeenbannedin1960,MandelawaselectedPresidentoftheANC.Inalifethatsymbolizesthetriumphofthehumanspiritoverman’sinhumanitytoman,NelsonMandelaacceptedthe1993NobelPeacePrizeonbehalfofallSouthAfricanswhosufferedandsacrificedsomuchtobringpeacetoourland.BOOK4Unit83.ZoraNealeHurston(1891-1960)ZoraNealeHurstonwasanAmericanauthorwhowrotestories,novels,anthropologicalfolkloreandanautobiography.Shediedin1960butherworkshaveincreasedinpopularityandarepassingthetestoftimewithstayingpower.ShewasaniqueartistandscientistwhoproducedforusalargebodyofworkthatstandsequaltoanybodyofworkinAmericanLiteratureandworldliterature.Aboutwritingshewrote:BOOK4Unit8“Anyway,theforcefromsomewhereinSpacewhichcommandsyoutowriteinthefirstplace,givesyounochoice.Youtakeupthepenwhenyouaretold,andwritewhatiscommanded.Thereisnoagonylikebearinganuntoldstoryinsideyou.”Herworksincluded:Jonah'sGourdVine(1934)MulesandMen(1935)Moses,ManoftheMountain(1939)DustTracksonaRoad(1942)SeraphontheSuwanee(1948)BOOK4Unit8II.PracticalWritingHowtowriteaspeech1.Thebasicstructureofaspeech:1)Introduction*Opening*Agenda(topic,reasonstheyshouldtrustyou,howtheybenefit)*Promiseand/orKeyMessageBOOK4Unit8Tobeginwith,youmaytellastory,withhumour,oruseasnappyquote,oryoumaystartbygettingyourreaders’attentionbyreadingsomestartlingstatisticsorbyaskingthought-provokingquestions.Theintroductionshouldmakeupabout10to15percentofthetotalspeech.BOOK4Unit82)TheBody*2-5mainpoints.Themostimportantpointscomefirst.Eachpointmayincludesome/allofthefollowingelements:*Statementofyourmessage*Facts,statistics,findingsthatsupportyourmessage*Illustrationorpersonalstorythatsupportsyourmessage*Quickexample*Visualaid,game,quiz,poem,song,audienceinteractionThenrepeatthepointandapplyittotheaudienceBOOK4Unit83)ClosingElementstoinclude(innoparticularorder):*Summaryofmainpoints*Finalsummarystoryorspecialeffects*Thankstoeverybody*Repeatingofthepromiseand/orkeymessageBOOK4Unit8Theendmustbedramatic,conclusiveandmustleavealastingimpressiononthelisteners’mind.Youmayusethesamestrategiesthatyouusedforthebeginning.Theconclusionshouldmakeup5to10percent.BOOK4Unit82.Do’sandDon’ts*usesimple,directwords*knowexactlywhatyouwanttosay*cutwordswhereverpossible;bebrief*useeverydayEnglish,notjargon*varythelengthofyoursentences*useactiveverbs*don’tusepassivevoice*don’tusem