中国建筑

Name：HouxianghongChineseAncientArchitectureThecontextPalacebuilding（宫殿建筑）gardenarchitectural（园林建筑）mausoleumarchitectural（陵墓建筑）featuredwellings（特色民居）ThisisthePalaceMuseum,alsoknownasthePurpleForbiddenCity.ItisthelargestandmostwellpreservedimperialresidenceinChinatoday.UnderMingEmperorYongle,constructionbeganin1406.Ittook14yearstobuildtheForbiddenCity.ThefirstrulerwhoactuallylivedherewasMingEmperorZhudi.In1987,theUnitedNationsEducational,ScientificandCulturalOrganizationrecognizedtheForbiddenCityasaworldculturallegacy.PalaceMuseum(故宫)PotalaPalace（布达拉宫）ThePotalaPalacewasbuilt1,300yearsagoinTangDynasty(618-907AD)whentheTibetanKingSongtsamGambomarriedtheTangPrincessWencheng.Potalaisthenameoftheplace,whichmeansresidenceoftheGoddessofMercyinTibetanlanguage.Thepalaceisa13-storeystone-woodcomplexsituatedatthetopoftheRedHillofLhasa,Tibet.NaturelandscapesinminiatureAcknowledgedtobemasterpiecesofthegenre,Suzhou‘sclassicalgardens,nineofwhicharelistedbyUNESCO（联合国教科文组织）asWorldHeritagesites,continuetoattractincreasingnumbersofvisitors.theGardenArchitectureSuzhouGardensWithahistoryofmorethan2,500years,theancientcityofSuzhou,richculturalheritageandabundantagriculturalproducts,issituatedintheLowerYangtzebasinbythesideoflaketai.EversincethefoundingofSuzhouasthecapitaloftheWuKingdomin514B.C.,ithasbeenthepolitical,economicandculturalcenteroftheregion.Asaplacefamedforitswell-knownscholars,successfulmerchants,greatarchitectsanddistinguishedartists,Suzhouprovidesfavorableconditionsforthecreationanddevelopmentofclassicalgardens.QinMausoleum（秦皇陵）AsregardsQinShihuangtomb，belowthemountainisthedeep,sereneandmysteriousundergroundpalace.ThetombofQinShiHuangislocatedintheeasternsuburbsofLintongCounty,35kilometers(22miles)eastofXi’an:ontheLishanMountaininthesouthandoverlookingtheWeiRivertowardsnorth.ThelayofthelandfromLishantoMountHuaisshapeddragon-likeaccordingtotraditionalChinesegeomancy.Theimperialtombisattheeyeofthedragon.Theemperorhadchosenwell.LongmenGrottoesLongmanGrottoesislocated13KmtothesouthofLuoyang.LongmenGrottoes,YungangCavesandMogaoCavesareregardedasthethreemostfamoustreasurehousesofstoneinscriptionsinChina.ThecarvingworksdatesbacktothetimewhenthenorthernWeiDynastymovedit'scapitaltoLuoyang(493AD).Thereare2,345niches,overahundredthousandsculpturesandsome2,800piecesstonesbearinginscriptionsonbothoftheEastHillandWestHill.Whichstillenjoygreathistoricalvalueandstrongartisticcharm.thelocal-styledwellinghousesBeijingsiheyuanDaifamilybamboohouseFujiantulouthecavedwellinghouseyurtBeijingsiheyuanSiHeYuanisaclassicalarchitecturestyleofresidentialhousingofBeijingcitizensdatedfromtheMingDynasty.ThenarrowstreetsbetweentheSiHeYuanarecalledHutongs.AsingleimplementationofSiHeYuancomprisesofgardensurroundedbyfourhousesandprotectedbyhighwalls.SiHeYuanwithHutongwhichhavebeenveryfamiliarforpeople,havingahistoryofmorethan700yearsnowsufferfromtheurbanrenovationandeconomicdevelopmentofChina,andtheyareslowlydisappearingfromBeijing.DaifamilybamboohouseDaifamilybamboohouseforpolefence’s-ikeconstruction（干栏式建筑）,handsomeappearance,contourlikelyframe’sonhighcolumbigaccountawning.Thebamboohousewhichputsonwitheachofbamboomaterialfightsinthesameplacemutuallyisextremelyreliable.Thebuildingallaroundusestheplankorthebamboofencespheres,inthehallseparatestwohalveswiththeplank,andinsideisthebedroom,outsideisthelivingroom.Thebuildinglowerleveldoesnothavethewall,withpilesupthesundrygoodsortherasinganimal.FujiantulouFujianTulou,isatypeofChineseruraldwellingsoftheHakka(客家人)andothersinthemountainousareasinsoutheasternFujian,China.Theyweremostlybuiltbetweenthe12thandthe20thcenturies.Smallerinteriorbuildingsareoftenenclosedbythesehugeperipheralwallswhichcancontainhalls,storehouses,wellsandlivingareas,thewholestructureresemblingasmallfortifiedcity.thecavedwellinghouseLoesscaveinjustafewholesorasourceofculturalproduction,thedevelopmentofculturalties,theircultureandthebacking.Forthousandsofyears,Shanxipeoplecavedtoroom,dependingonthecavefortheprotectionofGodandthecaveinsomesenserepresentstherichcivilization.Loesscavedwellinghousesistheoldestarchitecturalformanditisalsothemosteconomical,energy-savingenvironmentalprotection,residentialform.Ithasauniqueculturalandartisticcontent,reflectsthebeautyofChinesearchitecture.TheYurtTheyurt(mongolian:Ger)isthetraditionaldwellingofthenomadsinMongolia,aswellasintheneighbouringcountries,overtoasfarasinTurkey.Itisatent-likestructuremadefromawoodenframeandcoveredbywoolfelt.Atraditionalyurtisveryeasytocollapseandassembleagain,anditcanbetransportedonnomorethanthreeanimals(horses,camels,yaks).Todayitwillfitnicelyonasmallall-terrainvehicle.