材料科学导论总结复习2012-12-10

材料科学导论课程复习Chapter1/Introduction1.Definitionofmaterialsscience,materialsengineering,structure,property,performance.2.Thefourcomponentsofthedisciplineofmaterialsscienceandengineeringandtheirinterrelationship3.ClassificationofmaterialsChapter21.typesoftheinteratomicbondinginsolids.Chapter3and41.Translation,andexplanationofnounsofimportanttermsandconcepts(这次不作要求)2.Determinetheindicesforthecrystallographicdirections,andtheMillerindicesofcrystallographicplane,especiallyinthecubicunitcell.(要求有步骤，参照课本解答，特别注意晶向矢量起点没有经过晶系坐标原点，以及晶面穿过晶系坐标原点的特殊情形时处理情况）参照作业3.523.573.58和书本的例题Giventheatomicweight,density,andatomicradius,Determinethetypesofcubiccrystalstructure,suchasFCC,BCC,orHCP（注意密度公式的计算)参照习题3.9,3.10，3.14,3.15Chapter51.Translation,andexplanationofnounsofimportanttermsandconcepts(该章后面的重要专业词汇,上课内容提到过的词汇)EdgedislocationFrenkeldefectInterstitialsolidsolutionMixeddislocationPointdefectSchottkydefectScrewdislocationSubstitutionalsolidsolutionVacancy2.简答题(中文作答)①Differentiatebetweentheedgedislocation,screwdislocation,andmixeddislocation(参照5.29);②Determinetypesofpointdefect(generallyspeaking,vacancyorinterstitial)whenpurity-dopingintoceramicssuchassubstitutionalsolidsolution(参照5.10and5.11);③判断表面能或晶界能的大小比较（参照5.31and5.32);3.计算题①Calculatetheequilibriumnumbersofvacanciesorinterstitials,andtheenergyforvacancyformation,giventheatomicweight,density(点缺陷平衡浓度公式的应用),参照例题5.1,和习题5.2和5.3;Chapter61.Translation,andexplanationofnounsofimportanttermsandconcepts(该章后面的重要专业词汇,上课内容提到过的词汇)CarburizingConcentrationgradientDiffusionDiffusionfluxFick’sfirstandsecondlawsInterdiffusion(impuritydiffusion)InterstitialdiffusionNonsteady-statediffusionSelf-diffusionSteady-statediffusionVacancydiffusion2.简答题①Compareinterstitialandvacancyatomicmechanismsfordiffusion.Citetworeasonswhyinterstitialdiffusionisnormallymorerapidthanvacancydiffusion;②Typesofshort-circuitdiffusionanditseffects.③Factorsthatinfluencediffusion3.计算题①Calculatethenumberofkilograms,ordiffusionflux,ordiffusiontimeofthediffusingspecies,运用稳态扩散方程,参照例题6.1,和习题6.6和6.7;②非稳态扩散方程的计算应用,参照习题6.11,6.12，6.26,6.27等③Computediffusioncoefficients(运用扩散系数随温度变化公式),参照例题6.4,习题6.21和6.22)Chapter71.Translation,andexplanationofnounsofimportanttermsandconcepts(该章后面的重要专业词汇,上课内容提到过的词汇)DuctilityElasticdeformationEngineeringstrainEngineeringstressHardnessModulusofelasticityPlasticdeformationPoisson’sratioProportionallimitTensilestrengthToughnessTruestrainTruestressYieldingYieldstrength2.计算题①工程应力和工程应变的计算,参照习题7.3,和7.4和7.5;②Computethemodulusofelasticity,oritsoriginallength(运用虎克定律和泊松比公式等),参照例题7.1和7.2,习题7.18,7.19③Calculateductilityofmaterial,参照习题7.31（这次不要求）Chapter81.Translation,andexplanationofnounsofimportanttermsandconcepts(该章后面的重要专业词汇,上课内容提到过的词汇)ColdworkingDislocationdensitySlipSlipsystemSolid-solutionstrengtheningStrainhardening2.简答题①Differentiatethemotionoftheedgedislocation,screwdislocation,andmixeddislocation参照习题8.4②BrieflyexplainwhyHCPmetalsaretypicallymorebrittlethanFCCandBCCmetals.习题8.172.简答题③Describeinyourownwordsthethreestrengtheningmechanismsdiscussedinthischapter(i.e.,grainsizereduction,solidsolutionstrengthening,andstrainhardening).Besuretoexplainhowdislocationsareinvolvedineachofthestrengtheningtechniques.历年考试试卷(a)BrieflyexplainwhyCumetalswithFCCcrystalstructurearemoreductilethanZnmetalswithHCPcrystalstructure.(b)Determinewhichtechniqueormethodtostrengthenandhardentheductileandhigh-purityCumetal.(2009—2010学年第一学期试题A)Whattechniquesmaybetakentostrengtheningandhardeningakindofmetal.(2009—2010学年第一学期试题B)Explainwhyametalhavingsmallandfinegrainsisstrongerthanonehavinglargeandcoarsegrains.(2008—2009学年第一学期试题A)3.计算题①冷变形加工量%CW的计算和强度的比较参照例题8.2,习题8.26Chapter91.Translation,andexplanationofnounsofimportanttermsandconceptsBrittlefractureDuctilefractureFatigurelifeFatigurelimitFatigrestrengthcreep2.简答题①Factorsthataffectfatiguelife②Citethreemetallurgical/processingtechniquesthatareemployedtoenhancethecreepresistanceofmetalalloys.习题9.56,参见课本P2693.计算题①Computethecriticalstress,orthemaximumallowablecracklength(运用临界断裂应力公式,注意表面裂纹和内部裂纹a的取值不同)参照例题9.1,习题9.8和9.9②Determinewhetherfractureornot,andexplainwhy,(运用平面应变断裂韧性公式9.11,9.13or9.14,注意表面裂纹和内部裂纹a的取值不同)参照习题9.16和9.17,9.18，9.19Chapter101.Translation,andexplanationofnounsofimportanttermsandconceptsPearlitehypoeutectoidsteelHypereutectoidsteelCastirons2.相显微结构分析题①Differentiateandspecifythemicrostructureofpearlite,hypoeutectoidsteelandhypereutectoidsteel,anddepict(绘出)theirmicrostructure,respectively.②Differentiatetheirmicrostructureofwhitecastironandgraycastiron,andexplainthecauseoftheirformation,respectively.Chapter111.Translation,andexplanationofnounsofimportanttermsandconceptsPhasetransformationMartensiteIsothermaltransformationdiagramsor3TplotFinepearliteCoarsepearlitePrecipitationhardeningNaturalagingArtificialaging2.相显微结构分析题①Citetwomajordifferencesbetweenmartensiticandpearlitictransformation(习题11.2)②Differentiatethemicrostructureandtheformationconditionbetweenfinepearliteandcoarsepearlite,andexplaintheircause.(参照习题11.26)