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Page1放在名词或代词后面,由关系代词或关系副词引导的修饰该名词或代词的从句叫定语从句。被修饰的词叫先行词。一.定语从句的基本定义Page2TheboywhoiswearingglassesisHarryPotter.二感受定语从句先行词关系代词TheboywhoiswearingglassesisHarryPotter.Page4Universityisthepalcewheretheygotpoisoned.Universityisaplacewheretheygotpoisoned.先行词关系副词Page6关系代词的实质1.Aplaneisamachinethatcanfly.2.TheboywhobrokethewindowiscalledTom.3.Theboywhoseparentsaredeadwasbroughtupbyhisgrandfather.三关系词的实质themachine=thattheboy=who关系代词实际上是先行词的复指关系词whose实际上是先行词的所有格Page7关系副词的实质TheschoolwhereIstudyisfarfrommyhome.关系副词实际上是介词+先行词where=intheschoolPage8四、常见的关系词1.关系代词:that,which,whowhom,whose2.关系副词:WhenWhereWhyPage91.关系代词Page10who指人,在定语从句中作主语或宾语。作宾语时,可省略。Theman(who)Italkedwithisourteacher.Apersonwhostealsthingsiscalledathief.whoPage11whom指人,在定语从句中作宾语,可省略。Theman(whom)InoddedtoisMr.Li.whomPage12which指物,在定语从句中作主语或宾语。作宾语时,可省略。Thesearethetreeswhichwereplantedlastyear.Thisrecorder(which)heisusingismadeinJapan.whichPage13Heistheman(that)Itoldyouabout.that指人或物,在定语从句中作主语或宾语。作宾语时,可省略。Aplaneisamachinethatcanfly.thatPage14whose指人或物,在定语从句中作定语。不可省略。Weliveinahousewhosewindowsfacesouth.Thisisthelittlegirlwhoseparentswerekilledinthegreatearthquake.whosePage15(1)用that不能用which。①当先行词中有人又有物时。如:Doyouknowthethingsandpersonsthattheyaretalkingabout?②当先行词为不定代词all,one,few,little,no,some,any,everything,nothing,nobody,none等时。如:ThisisallthatIwantfromtheschool.关系代词需要注意的几个点Page16(2)多用who而不用that。①先行词为all,anyone,one,ones等时。如:Allwhoheardthenewswereexcited.②先行词为those,he和people时。如:Thosewhowanttogopleasesignyournameshere.HewhodoesnotreachtheGreatWallisnotatrueman.Page17(3)whose引导的定语从句,其先行词既可以指人也可以指物。ThenovelwhosetitleisRedandBlackisveryinteresting.Page18(4)关系代词在从句中作主语时,从句的谓语动词的人称和数必须与先行词保持一致。如:Thosewhoareagainsttheplanputupyourhands.Tomisoneofthestudentswhowerepraisedbytheteacheryesterday.Tomistheonlyoneofthestudentswhowaspraisedbytheteacheryesterday.Page19(which/that)who/thatwhosewhich/thatwho,that,whom,which,whose1.Ihaveafriend___________likeslisteningtotheclassicalmusic.2.YesterdayEmilywaswearingthenewdress_____________Igaveher.3.Theman______legbrokeinamatchusedtobeagoodfootballplayer.4.Kateisreadingabook____________istoodifficultforher.Page201.All_____isneededisasupplyofoil.A.whichB.thatC.what2.Finally,thethiefhandedeverything____hehadstolentothepolice.A.whichB.whatC.that先行词是不定代词all,few,little,much,something,nothing,anything只能用that引导Page213.It’sthemostboringfilm___Ihaveeverseen.A.whichB.thatC.whose4.Thisisthefirstcar___arrivedthismorning.A.whichB.whoC.that先行词被序数词或形容词最高级修饰时只能用that引导Page225.Iknowallpeople___arefromthatvillage.A.whoB.thatC.whose6.Thereisnowater___isneededbadly.A.whichB.whoC.that7.Pleasetakeanyseat___isfree.A.whichB.thatC.inwhich先行词被all,any,every,few,little,no,some等修饰时只能用that引导Page238.Thatistheverybook___Iwaslookingfor.A.whoB.thatC.which9.Afterthefireinhishouse,theoldcaristheonlything___heowns.A.whoB.thatC.which先行词被theonly,thevery,thesame,thelast等修饰时只能用that引导Page2410.Thespeakerspokeofsomewritersandsomebooks___werepopularthen.A.whoB.thatC.which先行词被既有人又有物时只能用that引导Page2511.Whoistheworker___tooksomepicturesofthefactory.A.whoB.thatC.which主句已有who或which时,只能用that引导Page261.先行词与such,thesame连用或先行词本身就是thesame,such时,要用as。Suchpeopleasyoudescribearerarenowadays.WouldyouliketobuythesamepenasIhave?2.代替整个句子,在从句中作主语,而从句位于句首时,要用as。Asiswellknown,theearthgoesaroundthesun.关系代词as引导Page27Theearthisround,___weallknow.___isknowntoall,theearthisround.___isknowntoallthattheearthisround.定语从句在句首时只能用as,as具有正如之意,动词一般较固定as的使用Page28Beingavolunteerissuchaprivilege____weallwanttohave.Beingavolunteerissuchaprivilege____weallwanttohaveit.as的使用thatasPage292关系副词Page30用关系副词when时,先行词指时间,when在定语从句中作时间状语,when可换成“介词+关系代词”。如:Istillrememberthedaywhen(=onwhich)IfirstcametoNanjing.Myfatherwasbornintheyearwhen(=inwhich)WorldWarⅡbrokeout.whenPage31用关系副词where时,先行词指地点,where在定语从句中作地点状语,where可换成“介词+关系代词”。如:Thisisthefarmwhere(=onwhich)weworkedwhenwewereyoung.Theschoolwhere(=inwhich)hismotherteachesisinthewestofthecity.wherePage32用关系副词why时,先行词指原因,why在定语从句中作原因状语,why可换成“介词+关系代词”。如:Thereareseveralreasonswhy(=forwhich)theboysshouldbepunished.Tomcouldn’tgivetheteacherthereasonwhy(=forwhich)hewaslateforschool.whyPage33巩固练习:用适当的关系词填空1)October1,1949wastheday______(________)Chinawasfounded.2)Beijingistheplace______(__________)Ilive.3)Isthisthereason____(________)hedidn’twanttoseeme?whenonwhichwhereinwhichwhyforwhich巩固练习:用适当的关系词填空Page34关系副词的用法注意点(1)当先行词为time,表示“次数”时,应用关系词that或省略。如:Thisisthefirsttime(that)thepresidenthasvisitedthecountry.(2)当point,situation,case等词作先行词表示“情况,境地,场合”等意思时,其后常由where引导定语从句,where在句中作状语。如:Canyouthinkofasituationwherethisphrasecanbeused?Page353.非限制性定语从句Page36非限制性定语从句是对被修饰部分进行附加说明,如果去掉,主句的意思仍然完整或清楚。它和主句之间的关系比较松散,因此常用逗号隔开。不用that引导Mywatch,whichisveryold,stoppedagain.非限制性定语从句的定义Page37ThisisthebestbookthatIhaveread.Thisisagoodbook,whichiseasytounderstand.非限制性定语从句与限定性定语从句的区别Page38Thisisagoodbook,ThisisthebestbookthatIhaveread.whichiseasytounderstand.限制性定语从句若省去,主句的意思就不明确,主从句之间不用逗号隔开。而非限制性定语从句则不然。Page39Thisisagoodbook,ThisisthebestbookthatIhaveread.whichisea
本文标题:大学英语语法专题之定语从句
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