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高中英语语法(一)动词的时态和语态1、一般现在时的用法1)经常性或习惯性的动作,常与表示频度的时间状语连用。时间状语:every…,sometimes,at…,onSundaye.g.每天早上我七点离家上学。Ileavehomeforschoolat7everymorning.每天他骑车上班。Hecyclestoworkeveryday.2)客观真理,客观存在,科学事实。e.g.地球绕着太阳转。Theearthmovesaroundthesun.上海位于中国的东部。ShanghailiesintheeastofChina.3)表示格言或警句中。e.g.Pridegoesbeforeafall.骄者必败。注意:此两种用法如果出现在宾语从句中,即使主句是过去时,从句谓语也要用一般现在时。例如:Columbusprovedthattheearthisround.4)现在时刻的状态、能力、性格、个性。e.g.安英语写得好但说得不好。AnnwritesgoodEnglishbutdoesnotspeakwell.知识扩展:一般现在时表将来或正在进行1)下列动词:come,go,arrive,leave,start,begin,return的一般现在时表将来,主要指按规定或计划好的将来的动作,常跟上时间状语。---Whenwillthetrainbeoff?---It____at3:15p.m.AisleavingBleavesChasleftDhasbeenleftB2)以here,there开头的感叹句中用一般现在时代替进行时表示瞬间动作。Herecomesthebus.=Thebusiscoming.Theregoesthebell.=Thebellisringing.3)在时间或条件句中,用一般现在时表将来。Thewaterwillbefurtherpollutedunlesssomemeasures_____.AwillbetakenBaretakenCweretakenDhadbeentaken4)表示状态和感觉的动词。如:be,like,feel,hate,think,stay,sound,taste等常用一般现在时。e.g.Thenewssoundsgood.B6)在某些短语(make/besure,makecertain,lookout,takecare,seetoit)的从句中常用一般现在时表将来.e.g.Youmustmakesurethedoorisclosedbeforeyouleavethelab.2.现在进行时1)表示此时正在进行或发生的动作,或用以描述一个频繁发生的动作.e.g.Thetelephoneisringing.Wouldyouanswerit,please?2)表示当前一段时间(或现阶段)正在进行而此刻不一定正在进行的动作.句中常有:thesedays,thisweek.e.g.–Isthisraincoatyours?--No,mine___therebehindthedoor.AishangingBhashungChangsDhung3)位移动词用现在进行时表将来.通常有:come,go,move,fly,leave,arrivee.g.HeisleavingforShanghai.A4)句中有always,constantly,frequently,forever,常用现在进行时表示一种感情色彩或强调情况的暂时性.e.g.Sheisalwayshelpingothers.5)按计划一般不易改变的动作,除了用一般现在时,也可用现在进行时.e.g.Theplaneisleavingat12p.m.6)带有一种婉转的语气.e.g.I’mhopingtogetaletterfromyousoon.I’mlookingforwardtohearingfromyousoon.3.SinceIwonthebigprize,mytelephonehasn'tstoppedringing.People_____toaskhowIamgoingtospendthemoney.(05湖南卷)A.phoneB.willphoneC.werephoningD.arephoning4.Selectingamobilephoneforpersonaluseisnoeasytaskbecausetechnology_____sorapidly.(2001N)A.ischangingB.haschangedC.willhavechangedD.willchangeDA知识扩展:不用进行时的动词1)事实状态的动词。如:have,belong,possess,cost,owe,exist,include,contain,matter,weigh,measure,continueIhavetwobrothers.Thishousebelongstomysister.2)心理状态的动词。如:know,realize,thinksee,believe,suppose,imagine,agree,recognize,remember,want,need,forget,prefer,mean,understand,love,hateIneedyourhelp.Helovesherverymuch3)系动词。如:seem,remain,lie,see,hear,smell,feel,taste,get,become,turnYouseemalittletired.3.现在完成时--I’msorrytokeepyouwaiting.--Oh,notatall.I__hereonlyafewminutes.AhavebeenBhadbeenCwasDwillbe1)for+一段时间,放在句末时,可以省去for,但如放在句首或否定句中for不省略.Ahave/hasdone2)某些固定句型:a.This/It/Thatisthefirst(second…)time+句子(通常用现在完成时)e.g.ThisisthesecondcigaretteIhavesmokedtoday.ItisthethirdtimethatKatehasbeenill,isn’tit?b.Thisisthe+最高级+名词+句子(现在完成时)e.g.ThisisthebestfilmIhaveeverseen.c.Thisis(theonly)oneof+名词+句子(现在完成时)e.g.Heisoneofthebrighteststudentswhohavegraduatedfromourschool.典型例题(1)---Doyouknowourtownatall?---No,thisisthefirsttimeI___here.A.wasB.havebeenC.cameD.amcoming(2)---Haveyou____beentoourtownbefore?---No,it’sthefirsttimeI___here.A.even,comeB.even,havecomeC.ever,comeD.ever,havecomeBD(对)Ihaven'treceivedhisletterforalmostamonth.(错)Ihavereceivedhisletterforamonth.注意:非延续性动词的否定形式可以与表示延续时间的状语连用。3._____mysisterthreetimestodaybutherlinewasalwaysbusy.(05北京春季)A.I’dphonedB.I’vebeenphoningC.I’vephonedD.Iwasphoning4.---Youhaven’tbeentoBeijing,haveyou?---_____.HowIwishtogothere!(98N)A.Yes,IhaveB.Yes,Ihaven’tC.No,IhaveD.No,Ihaven’t说明:此题的干扰源是后面的wasbusy。今天打了三次电话是用来表示结果的,只能用现在完成时;而每次她都占线是表示过去的动作,所以用一般过去时。CD3)havebeento去过,现在不在那儿havegoneto已去了,现在可能在那儿,可能在路上.4)shouldhavedone本该做某事shouldn’thavedone本不该做某事wouldhavedone本想做某事needhavedone本有必要做某事musthavedone一定做过某事4.现在完成进行时have/hasbeendoing1)不可以用于进行时态的动词,如;be,like,know,see,hear,belong,hate等,也不能用于现在完成进行时.2)用“howlong…”结构征询目前正在进行的动作时,习惯上用现在完成进行时.过去发生的动作持续到现在并可能继续发生。e.g.HowlonghaveyoubeenlearningFrench?---Hi,Tracy,youlooktired.---Iamtired.I_____thelivingroomallday.(98N)A.paintedB.hadpaintedC.havebeenpaintingD.havepaintedC说明:这句话的意思是“我一整天都在刷起居室”,现在完成进行时表示从过去开始的一个动作一直持续到现在,而且还在进行当中。强调的是“一直在做”。8.Nowthatsheisoutofajob,Lucy______goingbacktoschool,butshehasn’tdecidedyet.(04北京)AhadconsideredBhasbeenconsideringCconsideredDisgoingtoconsiderB说明:她“一直在考虑返校”是现在完成进行时,“还没作决定”是现在的结果。5.一般过去时1).表示一个发生在过去某一特定时间的动作或状态,一种过去的习惯和一个在过去某一时间中已结束的动作.1.---Nancyisnotcomingtonight.---Butshe_____!(98N)A.promisesB.promisedC.willpromise高考题点击:D.hadpromisedB2.Myuncle_____untilhewasforty-five.(2000上海)A.marriedB.didn’tmarryC.wasnotmarryingD.wouldmarryB3.---Youhaven’tsaidawordaboutmynewcoat,Brenda.Doyoulikeit?(N2002)---I’msorryI_______anythingaboutitsooner.Icertainlythinkit’sprettyonyou.A.wasn’tsayingB.don’tsayC.won’tsayD.didn’tsayD2)表示过去经常发生的动作或习惯性动作,也可用usedtodo或woulddoe.g.Iwouldswimintheriverduringthevocation.Motherusedtotellusstorieswhenwewereyoung.3)表示“原来…”时,经常用一般过去时,近几年的考题多涉及这一用法。e.g.Ididn’tknowyouwerehere.--Oh,it’syou!Ididn’trecognizeyou.ThepenI___I____isonmydesk.Athink,lostBthought,hadlostCthink,hadlostDthought,havelostB4)当我们按照时间顺序来谈论过去连续发生的两个或两个以上的动作时,常用一般过去时.e.g.OnSaturdayafternoon,Mrs.Greenwenttothemarket,boughtsomebananasandvisitedhercousin.5)一般过去时在一些虚拟语气中
本文标题:动词时态和语态(高一).ppt
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