整车NVH控制技术

(James)Pang,Ph.D.2009年7月16日July16,2009长安汽车股份有限公司ChanganAutomobileCo.Ltd.整车NVH控制技术AutomotiveNVHControlTechnologyNVH对顾客非常重要NVHisveryimportanttocustomersNVH的好坏是顾客购买汽车的一个非常重要的因素.NVH影响顾客的满意度NVHinfluencescustomers’satisfaction在所有顾客不满意的问题中,约有1/3是与NVH有关.NVH影响到售后服务NVHinfluencesafter-saleservices约1/5的售后服务与NVH有关噪声与振动（NVH）碰撞安全性能Safety行驶操纵性能Dynamics燃油经济性能Performance/FuelEconomy环境温度性能ClimateControl乘坐的舒适性能RideComfort排放性能Emission刹车性能Breaking防盗安全性能Security电子系统性能Electricity可靠性能Durability。。。。。。在所有动态性能领域（NVH，安全碰撞、操控、燃油经济性、等）中，NVH是涉及面最广的领域。NVH涉及面非常广NVHInvolvesAlmostAllSystemsofaVehicle车身Body发动机、变速器及动力系统Powertrian底盘及悬架Suspension环境控制系统ClimateControl电子系统Electricity……目标设定与分解噪声振动源的控制噪声振动传递通道的控制NVH的评价NVH的试验与分析手段TargetSettingandcascadingSourceControlPathControlNVHEvaluationNVHTestandAnalysis1.汽车NVH问题NVHProblems2.汽车NVH控制方法NVHControlMethods3.汽车NVH技术的发展DevelopmentofNVHTechnology4.中国汽车NVH状态StatusofChinaAutomotiveNVH“TargetSetting–Cascading–Verification”BenchmarkingCompetitionVehicleandsystemleveldatabaseQuickcontributionanalysis–Competitivevehicles目标设定SetTargetsFuturewithrespecttocompetitiveactionsBalancewithrespecttootherattributes,cost,weight目标分解CascadeRequirementtoSubsystems设计论证DesignVerification目标制定-分解-验证TargetSetting–Cascading-Verification(A)Car1Car2Car3leaderAmongtheleaderCompetitor•车1,2,3是市场上最好的三款车Car1,car2andcar3arethebestcarsinthemarkets•这三款车作为benchmark的汽车The3carsareusedforbenchmarkvehicles•根据benchmark的结果,设定目标Basedonthebenchmarktestresults,newtargetwillbesetup目标的分类TargetClassification:•领导者Leadership:aboveBest-In-Class•领导群体之中AmongtheLeaders(Best-in-Class)•竞争者Competitor目标设定TargetSetting目标的级别TargetLevels整车(顾客)级目标,例如车内噪声Vehiclelevel(Customerlevel),suchasinteriorsound系统级目标,如动力系统的噪声Systemlevel,suchaspowertrainnoise子系统级目标,如排气口的噪声Subsystemlevel,suchasexhausttailpipenoise部件级目标,如消声器的传递损失Componentlevel,suchasMufflerTL•目标分解是从上至下Targetsettingisfromupperleveltolowerlevel•目标设定也是双向的Targetsettingisatwo-wayprocessing•目标分解也是双向的Targetcascadingisatwo-wayprocessing开发一款车，需要设置几百个NVH目标频率(Hz)5101520253035404550车身/车架车身第一阶垂向弯曲模态27.5Hz车身第一阶横向弯曲模态29.7Hz车身扭转模态25.4Hz方向盘方向盘第一阶垂向弯曲模态33.5Hz方向盘第一阶横向弯曲模态36.2Hz底盘前车架上下跳动模态12.6Hz后车架上下跳动模态14.8Hz动力装置前后移动模态7.2Hz左右移动模态6.1Hz上下移动模态8.3Hz横向摇转模态13.5Hz纵向摇转模态10.3Hz左右摇转模态12.4Hz排气系统第一阶垂向弯曲模态23.2Hz第一阶横向弯曲模态35.5Hz第一阶扭转模态42.7Hz怠速频率模态分离策略ModalSeparationStrategy在产品开发的初期,对所有系统和部件建立模态频率表Setupmodalfrequencychartforallsystemsandcomponentsatthebeginningofproductiondevelopment为设计和目标制定提供模态分析的策略Provideastandardmodalanalysisstrategyforvehicleprogramdesignandtargetsetting–Path–ResponseiFjPiFPjPPP源通道源接受体源源源源源通道通道iFjPiFPjPPP源通道源接受体源源源源源通道通道InteriorSound&VibrationNoisepath1Noisepath2Noisesource1Vibrationsource1Noisesource2NoisesourceN……Vibrationsource2VibrationsourceN……Vibrationpath1Vibrationpath2Vibrationpath…Noisepath…InteriorSound&VibrationNoisepath1Noisepath2Noisesource1Vibrationsource1Noisesource2NoisesourceN……Vibrationsource2VibrationsourceN……Vibrationpath1Vibrationpath2Vibrationpath…Noisepath…•源Sources–动力系统Powertrain–风Wind–路面Road–其他Other•通道Paths(Structure-borneandairborne)–底盘Chassis–车身Body–内饰Interior–其他Other•接受体Reception–耳朵Driver’sandpassenger'sears–手Driver’sandpassenger'shands(steeringwheel)–脚Driver’sandpassenger'sfeet(pedal,toeboard)–座椅Driver’sandpassenger'sbut(seats)燃烧噪声CombustionNoise机械振动与噪声MechanicalVibration&Noise流动噪声FlowNoise变速器噪声振动源TransmissionNoiseSources变速器啸叫TransmissionWhine变速器敲击TransmissionRattle源进气系统的噪声源进气口噪声Intakeorificenoise壳体的辐射噪声Shellradiationnoise排气系统的噪声振动源挂钩传递到车体的力Hangerforcetransferredtobody排气尾管噪声Tailpipenoise壳体辐射噪声Shellradiationnoise源第一阶传递轴激励Firstorderdrivelineexcitation(dynamicimbalance)传递齿轮啸叫Transmissiongearwhine(Geardynamicmeshingforce)2阶激励2ndorderexcitationbyCardonJoint源激励源ExcitationSources路面表面的形状Road