【语法强攻+教师整理】2016届高考英语总复习专题课件：虚拟语气(共33张PPT)

1.虚拟语气在名词性从句中的用法★在“Itis/was+形容词或过去分词+that从句”结构的主语从句中，表示命令、愿望、建议等，谓语动词为“should+动词原形”，should也可省略。如：Itisnecessarythatacollegestudent(should)masteraforeignlanguage.Itisdesiredthatthisrule(should)bebroughttotheattentionofthestaff.★动词wish后的宾语从句中，表示与现在事实相反时，从句中动词用过去式；表示与过去事实相反时，从句中动词用“had+过去分词”；表示将来很难实现的愿望时，从句中动词用“would/could/might+动词原形”。如：HowIwishIwastherewithyou.IwishIhadn’tlostthechance.Iwishhewould/could/mightgowithustothetheatre.★在wouldsooner,wouldrather等后面的宾语从句中动词要用虚拟语气。尚未发生的动作用动词的过去式，已经发生的动作用“had+过去分词”。如：Iwouldsoonerheleftontheearliertrain.I’dratheryouwenttomorrow.I’dratheryouhadn’tdonethat.★表示“建议、命令、要求、坚决做”等动词（如suggest,demand,require,request,order,insist等）后的宾语从句中谓语常用“（should+）动词原形”。如：Isuggestyou(should)haveenoughsleep.Irecommendthateveryone(should)attendtheparty.★虚拟语气还可用在表示愿望、建议、命令、请求等的表语从句或同位语从句中，谓语用“should+动词原形”，should也可省略。如：Ouronlyrequestisthatthis(should)besettledassoonaspossible.Hemadethedecisionthatnothing(should)holdhimback.2.虚拟语气在条件句中的用法★虚拟语气在if条件状语从句中的用法：条件句从句中谓语的形式主句中谓语的形式表示现在情况动词过去式（be的过去式用were）should/would/might/could+动词原形条件句从句中谓语的形式主句中谓语的形式表示将来情况should+动词原形；wereto+动词原形；动词过去式（be的过去式用were）should/would/might/could+动词原形表示过去情况had+过去分词should/would/might/could+have+过去分词★在错综时间虚拟条件句（即主句和从句所指的时间不一致）中，动词的形式需要根据表示的时间来调整。如：IfIhadspokentohimyesterday,Ishouldknowwhattodonow.Ifithadrainedlastnight,itmightbeverycoldtoday.Ifsheweretoleave,Iwouldhaveheardaboutit.★含蓄条件句有时虚拟语气的条件并不是直接通过条件句来表示，而是用一些词或短语（如under,with,without,butfor等）或上下文暗示来说明。句中的虚拟语气一般表示过去的情况，这种句子叫含蓄条件句。如：Wecouldhavedonebetterundermorefavourableconditions(=ifwehadbeengivenmorefavourableconditions).Withoutyourhelp(=Ifyouhadn’thelpedme),Icouldn’thavesucceeded.Butfortheheavytraffic(=Ifthetraffichadnotbeensoheavy),wewouldhavearrivedearlier.Hewouldhavegivenyoumorehelp,buthehasbeensobusy(=ifhehadnotbeensobusy).3.虚拟语气中if的省略如果条件从句的谓语中有were,had或should等词，可将if省略，而把这几个词放在句首，其意义与带有if的条件句相同。如：IfIweretodothework,Ishoulddoitsomeotherway.→WereItodothework,Ishoulddoitsomeotherway.4.虚拟语气在其它状语从句中的用法★在由asif或asthough引导的方式状语中，虚拟语气的形式为动词的过去式（be用were）或“had+过去分词”。如：Sheiswalkingslowlyasifsheweretired.★在由lest,forfearthat,incase等引导的从句中，虚拟语气的形式为“should+动词原形”。如：IranasfastaspossiblelestIshouldbetoolate.★在由inorderthat,sothat或that引导的目的状语从句中，虚拟语气的形式为“may/might/could+动词原形”。如：Inorderthateverybodymayunderstandit,writeitinsimplelanguage.1.在if条件句中的用法Sorry,Iamtoobusynow.IfI_____time,Iwouldcertainlygoforanoutingwithyou.A.havehadB.hadhadC.haveD.hadD2.特殊用法Hadtheyknownwhatwascomingnext,they_____secondthoughts.A.mayhaveB.couldhaveC.musthavehadD.mighthavehad由Hadtheyknown可知，虚拟条件从句中省略了if，将had提前。从句与过去事实相反，所以主句谓语用“should/would/could/might+have+过去分词”。D3.虚拟语气在定语从句中的运用Jackisagreattalker.It’shightimethathe_____somethinginsteadofjusttalking.A.willdoB.hasdoneC.doD.did4.虚拟语气在名词性从句中的运用—Wherearethechildren?Thedinner’sgoingtobecompletelyruined.—Iwishthey_____alwayslate.A.weren’tB.hadn’tbeenC.wouldn’tbeD.wouldn’thavebeenDA5.虚拟语气在asif/though引导的从句中的运用Don’thandlethevaseasifit_____madeofsteel.A.isB.wereC.hasbeenD.hadbeenB从A、B、C、D四个选项中，选出可以填入空白处的最佳选项。1.Wewouldratherourdaughter_____athomewithus,butitisherchoice,andsheisnotachildanylonger.A.wouldstayB.hasstayedC.stayedD.stayC2._____themorningtrain,hewouldnothavebeenlateforthemeeting.A.DidhecatchB.ShouldhecatchC.HashecaughtD.Hadhecaught3.Peoplearerecyclingmanythingswhichthey_____awayinthepast.A.hadthrownB.willbethrowingC.werethrowingD.wouldhavethrownDD5.IfMr.Dewey_____present,hewouldhaveofferedanypossibleassistancetothepeoplethere.A.wereB.hadbeenC.shouldbeD.was5.We_____backinthehotelnowifyoudidn’tlosethemap.A.areB.wereC.willbeD.wouldbeBD6._____nomoderntelecommunications,wewouldhavetowaitforweekstogetnewsfromaroundtheworld.A.WerethereB.HadtherebeenC.IfthereareD.Iftherehavebeen7.ItwasJohnwhobrokethewindow.WhyareyoutalkingtomeasifI_____it?A.haddoneB.havedoneC.didD.amdoingAA8.Theywereabroadduringthemonthswhenwewerecarryingouttheinvestigation,orthey_____toourhelp.A.wouldhavecomeB.couldcomeC.havecomeD.hadcomeA根据括号内的汉语提示补全下列句子。1.She__________________________(不需要亲自来)—aletterwouldhavebeenenough.2.Ilostyouraddress,otherwiseI_______________________(早就写信给你了).3.Theyarealwaysmakingtrouble.Ithinkit’shightimethey_____________________(被教训一顿了).needn’thavecomeinpersonwouldweretaughtalessonhavewrittentoyou4.HeinsistedI_________________(应该打个车)andofferedtopayforit.5.Youradvicethatshe_______________________(等到下周)isreasonable.6.IshouldnothavemadefoolofyouifI__________________________(早想到你是认真的).7.Ifyouhadspentmoretimepracticingmakingitbefore,you_______________________________(就能把它做得更好)now.(should)takeataxi(should)waittillnexthadthoughtyouwereseriouswouldbeabletomakeweekitmuchbetter1.DavidhasneverbeentoRome,buthetalksaboutitasifhe_____therehimself.A.hasbeenB.hadbeenC.isD.were2.Tomwasabsentfromtheparty.Otherwise,he_____wonderfulprograms.A.mustperformB.wouldperformC.musthaveperformedD.wouldhaveperformedBD3.ThenewfilmdirectedbyStevenSpielbergwasveryinteresting.IwishI_____itwhenitwasfirstshownlastSunday.A.sawB.haveseenC.couldseeD.hadseen4.LuckilyIgottothejobinterviewontime,orI_____suchagoodchanceto