光散射技术在蛋白质晶体生长研究中的应用和进展

3(100080),25,,3,E2mail:[e-mail]2004202204,2004-07-15,;,,,,,,,TheApplicationandDevelopmentofLaserLightScatteringintheInvestigationofProteinCrystalGrowthXieYing,DaiGuoliang3(NationalMicrogravityLaboratory,InstituteofMechanics,ChineseAcademyofSciences,Beijing100080)AbstractLaserlightscatteringhasbeenwidelyappliedincrystalgrowthofmacromolecule.Itincludestwodif2ferentmethods,staticlightscatteringanddynamiclightscattering.Staticlightscatteringcanmeasuretheosmoticsec2ondvirialcoefficientofproteinsolution.Dynamiclightscatteringallowsfordeterminationofthetranslationaldiffusioncoefficientandprovidesinformationaboutthesizeanddistributionofmoleculesinsolution.Itcanseparatenucleationandgrowthprocessesinproteincrystallization.Italsocanbeusedtoinvestigateaggregativebehaviorsandthekineticsofcrystallizationinmacromolecularsystems.Sothedynamicalcrystallizationprocessesmaybecontrolled.Inthere2centyears,laserlightscatteringinstrumentsbecomeportableandminiaturization.Thetechniquegrowsgraduallyper2fect.Itisusednotonlyintheterreneexperiments,butinthespaceexperimentsofproteincrystalgrowth.KeywordsLightscattering,Crystalgrowth,Protein,Microgravity,,,,,DNA,,,X,,[1],,1978[2]4920052http:PP©1994-2011ChinaAcademicJournalElectronicPublishingHouse.Allrightsreserved.(StaticLightScattering,SLS),,,(DynamicLightScattering,DLS),1111(SLS)[3,4],:=RTCP(1PMW+B22Cp+),,Cp(P),MW,B22,R,T2,pH[5],11pH[5]Fig.1OsmoticsecondvirialcoefficientsmeasuredforlysozymesolutionsasafunctionofpHandelectrolyteconcentration[5]112(DLS),D1:D1=P2K2,,K,K=[4nsin(P2)]P,,,n,(Rh)Stocks2Einstein:Rh=kTP6D1,kBoltzmann,,T:G()2,,59http:PP©1994-2011ChinaAcademicJournalElectronicPublishingHouse.Allrightsreserved.[6]2DLSNaCl25mgmL-1[14]Fig.2Distributionofaggregatesin25mgmL-1lysozymesolutionwithdifferentNaClconcentrationsmeasuredbyDLS[14]123456NaCl0011012013014015molL-1,211,,[7][8],,[7](vapourdiffusion)(dialysis)(batch)[9],,[9],[8],,,[2,10][9,11]212,Brownian[12],,[13,14]2DLS[14][15],,,[7],[16,17]DLS,[18,19],,DLS[2022],(PGK),,,[23]DLS6920052http:PP©1994-2011ChinaAcademicJournalElectronicPublishingHouse.Allrightsreserved.[9]Malkin[24],,213DLS[25]SLS,,,[3,4];,3311DLS,,,,,,,NASALewis,,,3nm3m,,(DiffusingWaveSpectroscopy)[26](cross2correlation)[27,28],,(3Dcross2correlation)[29],DLS,[30],[31],DLS;,DLSAnsari[32],DLSDLS,,Ansari[32],DLS,,DLS,35%40%(wPV),[33,34],1996,[35],,Pasternack[36,37],,,Arsenazo2DBC[38],Arsenazo2DBC2AlArsenazo2DBC2Al,Arsenazo2DBC2Al410nm,,[39],GUARH2OD2O[40],,[41],312:(1),,,,;,79http:PP©1994-2011ChinaAcademicJournalElectronicPublishingHouse.Allrightsreserved.(2),80(Photoncosima22)[4244]MIR[45](cosima21[46],FSW22[47])[4852],,,X2,[53],NASA,[54],,19942,NASASTS60,,[55],,,,,,,,[1]MAivaliotis,PSamolis,ENeofotistouetal.BiochimicaetBiophsicaActa,2003,1615:6976.[2]ZKam,HBShore,GFeher.J.Mol.Biol.,1978,123:539555.[3]AGeorge,(4):361365.[4]AGeorge,YChiang,BGuoetal.Meth.Enzym.,1997,276:100110.[5]BLNeal,DArthagiri,ODVelevetal.J.Cryst.Growth,1999,196:377387.[6]SCandau,RZana.J.Coll.Interf.Sci.,1981,84(1):206219.[7]FRosenberger,SBHoward,JWSoweretal.J.Cryst.Growth,1993,129:112.[8]EEGSaridakis,PDShawSteward,LFLloydetal.ActaCryst.,1994,D50:293297.[9]VMikol,EHirsch,RGieg.FEBSLett.,1989,258:6366.[10]CWJCarter,ETBaldwin,LFrick.J.Cryst.Growth,1988,90:6073.[11]MZulauf,ADArcy.J.Cryst.Growth,1992,122:102106.[12]SBaritaki,GNTzanakakis,JAlifragisetal.J.Biomed.Mater.Res.,2002,63:830837.[13]VABloomfield.Annu.Rev.Bioeng.,1981,10:421450.[14],.,2003,63:6065.[15]AJMalkin,AMcPherson.J.Cryst.Growth,1993,128:12321235.[16]ADArcy.ActaCryst.,1994,D50:69471.[17]TBerfors.Crystallization:Techniques,StrategiesandTips.T.Bergfors.LaJolla:InternationalUniversityLine,1990:2750.[18]HHWeetall,AKGaigalas.Appl.Biochem.andBiotech.,1993,41:139143.[19]HGBarth,RBFlippen.Anal.Chem.,1995,67:57R272R.[20]HWSun,MSwope,CCinquinetal.ProteinEngineering,1996,9(8):31635.[21]JDPhillips,FGWhitby,JPKushneretal.ProteinScience,1997,6:13431346.[22]HBlanchard,YLi,Mcygleretal.ProteinScience,1996,5:535537.[23]BEBernstein,PAMMichels,HKimetal.ProteinScience,1998,7:504507.[24]AJMalkin,AMcPherson.ActaCryst.,1994,D50(4):385395.[25]VMikol,EHirsch,RGieg.J.Mol.Biol.,1990,213:187195.[26]DAWeitz,DJPine.DynamicLightScattering,TheMethodandSomeApplications.Oxford:ClarendonPress,1993,652720.[27]MDrewel,JAhrens,UPodschus.J.Opt.Soc.Am.A,1990,7(2):206210.[28]KSch¾tzel.J.ModernOpt.,1991,38(9):18491865.[29]LBAberle,SWiegand,WSchrÊeretal.Progr.ColloidPolym.Sci.,1997,104:121125.[30]AJMacFadayer,BRJennings.Opt.LaserTechnol.,1990,22(3):175187.[31]RPeters,YGeorgalis,WSaenger.ActaCryst.,1998,D54(5):873877.8920052http:PP©1994-2011ChinaAcademicJournalElectronicPublishingHouse.Allrightsreserved.[32]RRAnsari,KISuh,AArabshahietal.J.Cryst.Growth,1996,168:216226.[33]QECao,ZTDing,RBFangetal.Analyst,2001,126(8):14441448.[34]CZHuang,YFLi,PFeng.Anal.C