考研英语语法状语从句 同位语从句课件

1状语从句本堂目标熟悉九大类状语从句以及各种状语从句的连接词，了解各种易混从句之间的区别以及各自的使用场合，重点掌握几种让步状语从句的特殊句型。基础预习用来作状语的从句叫做状语从句。从本质上讲，状语从句就是用连词将几个分句连接起来，以表达分句之间特定的逻辑关系。【例】（02-Text4）GeorgeAnnas,chairofthehealthlawdepartmentatBostonUniversity,maintainsthat,aslongasadoctorprescribesadrugforalegitimatemedicalpurpose,thedoctorhasdonenothingillegalevenifthepatientusesthedrugtohastendeath.“It’slikesurgery,”hesays.“Wedon’tcallthosedeathshomicidesbecausethedoctorsdidn’tintendtokilltheirpatients,althoughtheyriskedtheirdeath.Ifyou’reaphysician,youcanriskyourpatients’suicideaslongasyoudon’tintendtheirsuicide.”【点睛】6个连接词将本段话连接起来，也就是说本段中含有6个状语从句，其中aslongas，if引导条件状语从句；evenif，although引导让步状语从句；because引导原因状语从句。【译文】波士顿大学健康法律系主任乔治·安纳斯认为，只要医生是出于合理的医疗目的开药，纵然服用此药后会加速病人的死亡，医生是无罪的。他说：“这就像做手术，我们不能把死亡称作谋杀，因为医生并没有想杀死病人，尽管他们冒着死亡的危险。如果你是一名医生，只要你没有想让病人自杀，你就能冒你的病人自杀的危险。”状语从句根据其作用可分为9种：时间、地点、原因、条件、目的、结果、让步、比较和方式状语从句。一、时间状语从句引导词例示asAsthetimewentonEinstein’stheoryprovedtobecorrect.whenCanyouspareme5minuteswhenit’sconvenient?whileWhileIstayedinFrance,Imademanyfriends.afterHechangedhisaddressafterheleftBeijing.beforeItmaybemanyyearsbeforethesituationimproves.sinceMrGreenhastaughtinthatschoolsincehecametoChina.onceWedidn’tknowhowwe’dcopeoncethemoneyhadgone.bythetime(that)截止到…Bythetimehewas10,hehadbeguntomakehisliving.[注意当从句用过去时，主句则用过去完成时。]directly,immediately,instantlyIwenthomedirectlyIhadfinishedwork.assoonas一…就…AssoonasIarriveinAmerica,I’llwritetoyou.[注意当主句是将来时，从句要用一般现在时。]nosooner…than一…就…Nosoonerhadshesaiditthansheburstintotears.[规则：主句用过去完成时，从句用一般过去时。主句需倒装。]hardly/scarcely…when一…就…Wehadhardlysatdowntosupperwhenthephonerang.HardlyhadIgothomethanitbegantorain.[规则：放句首时主句需倒装，主句需用过去完成时，从句需用一般过去时。]theinstant/minute/momentWehadn’tmetfor20years,butIrecognizedherthemomentIsawher.any/nexttimePleasecomehereanytimeyouarefree.2(ever)sinceIt’sbeenyearssinceIenjoyedmyselfsomuch.Wehavebeenfriendseversincewemetatschool.soon/shortlyafterSoonafterhearrived,hebegantoworkatschool.till/untilThebabydidn’tstopcryinguntilthemothercamein.thefirst/secondtime(that)ThefirsttimeIsawhim,Ifellinlovewithhim.every/eachtime每次EachtimeIlistentoyouradvice,Igetintotrouble.whenever,nomatterwhenItoldhimtocomebackwheneverhewantsto.【例】(09-Text1)Butbrainresearchershavediscoveredthatwhenweconsciouslydevelopnewhabits,wecreateparallelpaths,andevenentirelynewbraincells,thatcanjumpourtrainsofthoughtontonew,innovativetracks.【点睛】。本句中第一个that引导宾语从句，此宾语从句中又包含when引导时间状语从句，第二个that引导的定语从句修饰先行词pathsandbraincells。【译文】但是，大脑研究人员发现，在我们有意识地培养新习惯的同时，我们也创造了平行路径，甚至是全新的脑细胞——这些新路径和脑细胞能使我们的思路转入到新的创新轨道。二、地点状语从句引导词例示whereWherethereisawill,thereisaway.有志者事竟成。wherever=nomatterwhereWhereveryouwork,youwillgainmuchvaluableexperienceaslongasyouarewillingtowork.everywhereEverywheretheywent,theywerekindlyreceived.anywhereI'lltakeyouanywhereyoulike.我将带你到你喜欢的任何地方。【例】Earthwormsexistwhereveradequatemoistureandfoodandthenecessarysoilconditionsarefound.【点睛】wherever引导地点状语从句，表示“只要在…地方，就…”。【译文】只要在有足够湿度、食物和必要土壤条件的地方，就有蚯蚓的存在。三、原因状语从句引导词例示becauseIdidn’tgo,becauseIwasafraid.as既然Astheweatherissobad,wehavetodelayourjourney.since既然Sincewedon’thaveclassnow,whynotsingasong?forHemustbeill,forheisabsenttoday.now(that)既然Nowthatthesemesterisfinished,I’mgoingtorestafewdaysandtakeatrip.inthatLiquidsarelikesolidsinthattheyhaveadefinitevolume.3forfearlest因恐Hewhisperedforfearlesthissonshouldhear.forfear(that)以免Shutthewindowforfear(that)itmayrain.inasmuchas因为，既然Inasmuchaswehaveallthematerialsready,weshouldbeginthenewtaskatonce.insofarthat因为，既然Criticismandself-criticismisnecessaryinsofarthatithelpsustofindandcorrectourmistakes.ontheground(s)that基于Hedislikedherontheground(s)thatsheislazy.onaccountofthefactthat由于Ieatice-creamsomuchonaccountofthefactthatIlikesweetfood.owingtothefactthat由于OwingtothefactthatIdidn'tknowtheway,Iaskedapoliceman.forthereasonthatIoftengototheconcertforthesimplereasonthatIlovemusic.byreasonthatShelookeddownonhimbyreasonthathewaspoor.considering(that)考虑到Theydidthejobverywell,consideringthattheyhadnoexperience.seeing(that)鉴于Seeing(that)theweatherisbad,we'llstayathome.that因为Hefeltashamedthathehaddonesolittle.whereas鉴于Whereastheincidentshaveoccurred,weshouldbecautious.notthat…butthat不是因为…而是因为…Thesoldiers’essentialhonorwasnotthathekilledhisenemy,butthathewaswillingtodie.军人真的光荣，不是杀敌，而是不惜牺牲。【例】Sincelargesegmentsofthepopulationsofmanydevelopingcountriesareclosetothesubsistencemarginandessentiallypowerless,theytendtobethelosersinthissystemunlesstheyareaidedbyagovernmentpolicythattakesintoaccounttheneedsofallsectorsoftheeconomy.【点睛】since引导原因状语从句，说明主句所述情况出现的原因。【译文】由于许多发展中国家的大部分人口都处于维持生计的水平，他们的经济力量非常薄弱，因此，如果政府不制定一个将经济各方面需求都考虑在内的政策对他们进行支持，他们往往会成为这个体系的受害者。四、条件状语从句1．条件状语从句的引导词引导词例示ifIfwintercomes,canspringbefarbehind?冬天来了，春天还会远吗？unlessLet’sgooutforawalkunlessyouaretootired.ifonly但愿，要是…就好IfonlyIhadknownit,Iwouldn’thavetroubledhim.onlyif只是当…时（才）Onlyifwepersistincarryingouttheopen-doorpolicywillweachievegreatersuccessineveryfield.once一旦Chinawillshaketheworldonceitawakens.4incase假如，以防I’llleaveyoumyphonenumberincaseyouwanttocontactme.butthat要不是Shecouldnothavebelievedit,butthatshesa