希腊古瓮颂 赏析

JohnKeats(1795-1821)LifeandLiteraryCareerLifeinpovertyandpoorhealthPrematuredeath（aged26）“Hereliesonewhosenamewaswritinwater”---inscriptiononhistombstoneMajorWorksLongpoems:“Endymion”《恩底弥瓮》“Isabella”《伊萨贝拉》“TheEveofSt.Agnes”《圣爱格尼斯之夜》“Lamia”《莱米亚》ToAutumn”《秋颂》“Hyperion”《赫披里昂》“OntheGrasshopperandtheCricket”asonnetShortlyrics:fiveodes,hismostimportant“OdetoPsyche”《灵魂颂》“OdeonIndolence”《懒惰颂》“OdeonaGrecianUrn”《希腊古瓮颂》“OdeonMelancholy”《哀感》“OdetoaNightingale”《夜莺颂》CharacteristicsofKeats’PoetryLoveofnature,romanticloveGlorificationofbeautyExquisitesensibilityandkeenobservationSensuousdescriptionandrichimageryLoveforclassics“…excellenceofeveryArtisitsintensity,capableofmakingalldisagreeablesevaporate,fromtheirbeingincloserelationshipwithBeautyandTruth”(每一种艺术的卓越都在于它的强烈性，它能够消除一切不愉快的事情，因为它们都与美和真有密切关系）OdeonaGrecianUrnJohnKeatsThefirststanzaThoustillunravishedbrideofquietness,Thoufoster-childofsilenceandslowtime,Sylvanhistorian,whocanstthusexpressAflowerytalemoresweetlythanourrhyme:Whatleaf-fringedlegendhauntsaboutthyshapeOfdeitiesormortals,orofboth,InTempeorthedalesofArcady?Whatmenorgodsarethese?Whatmaidensloth?Whatmadpursuit?Whatstruggletoescape?Whatpipesandtimbrels?Whatwildecstasy?NotesSylvan（森林的）historian:Sylvanmeansrustic,representingawoodlandscene.Here“Sylvanhistorian”referstotheurntellingapastoraltale.Tempe（溪谷）:abeautifulvalleyinGreece,regardedassacredtoApollo,theGodofpoetry.Arcady（世外桃源）:anancientplaceinGreece,oftenusedasasymbolofthepastoralideal.loth:=loathunwilling.timbrels:tambourines(手鼓)orsimilarinstrumentsQuestion1Indentifydetailsofthescenethatisdescribedinstanzas1.Inthefirststanza,thespeakerstandsbeforeanancientGrecianurnandaddressesit.Heispreoccupiedwithitsdepictionofpicturesfrozenintime.Healsodescribestheurnasa“historian”thatcantellastory.Hewondersaboutthefiguresonthesideoftheurnandaskswhatlegendtheydepictandfromwheretheycome.Helooksatapicturethatseemstodepictagroupofmenpursuingagroupofwomenandwonderswhattheirstorycouldbe.ThesecondstanzaHeardmelodiesaresweet,butthoseunheardAresweeter;therefore,yesoftpipes,playon;Nottothesensualear,but,moreendeared,Pipetothespiritdittiesofnotone:Fairyouth,beneaththetrees,thoucanstnotleaveThysong,norevercanthosetreesbebare;BoldLover,never,nevercanstthoukiss,Thoughwinningnearthegoal---yet,donnotgrieve;Shecannotfade,thoughthouhastnotthybliss,Foreverwiltthoulove,andshebefair!ThethirdstanzaAh,happy,happyboughs!thatcannotshedYourleaves,noreverbidthespringadieu;And,happymelodist,unwearied,Foreverpipingsongsforevernew;Morehappylove!morehappy,happylove!Foreverwarmandstilltobeenjoyed,Foreverpanting,andforeveryoung;Allbreathinghumanpassionfarabove,Thatleavesahearthigh-sorrowfulandcloyed,Aburningforehead,andaparchingtongue.NotesSensual:pertainingtothephysicalsenses,inthiscase,hearing.Noreverbidthespringadieu:springwillforeverstaywiththem;“adieu”meansgoodbye.Allbreathinghumanpassionfarabove…andaparchingtongue:theyoungloversontheurnandtheirlovearefarabovetheagonyofhumanpassion.“cloyed”（腻烦）inLine29meanstoannoysomebodybecausethereistoomuchofit.Question2Indentifydetailsofthescenethatisdescribedinstanzas2and3.Inthesecondstanza,thespeakerlooksatanotherpictureontheurn,thistimeofayoungmanplayingapipe,lyingwithhisloverbeneathagladeoftrees.Thespeakersaysthatthepiper’s“unheard”melodiesaresweeterthanmortalmelodiesbecausetheyareunaffectedbytime.Hetellstheyouththat,thoughhecanneverkisshisloverbecauseheisfrozenintime,heshouldnotgrieve,becauseherbeautywillneverfade.Inthethirdstanza,helooksatthetreessurroundingtheloversandfeelshappythattheywillnevershedtheirleaves.Heishappyforthepiperbecausehissongswillbe“forevernew”,andhappythattheloveoftheboyandthegirlwilllastforever,unlikemortallove,whichlapsesinto“breathinghumanpassion”andeventuallyvanishes,leavingbehindonlya“burningforehead,andaparchingtongue”.ThefourthstanzaWhoarethesecomingtothesacrifice?Towhatgreenaltar,Omysteriouspriest,Lead’stthouthatheiferlowingattheskies,Andallhersilkenflankswithgarlandsdrest?Whatlittletownbyriverorseashore,Ormountain-builtwithpeacefulcitadel;Isemptiedofthisfolk,thispiousmorn?And,littletown,thystreetsforevermoreWillsilentbe;andnotasoultotellWhythouartdesolate,cane’erreturn.Notesheifer:youngcow.citadel(要塞):fortressonhighgroundoverlookingandprotectingatownorcity.Question3Whatistheotherscenepresentedinstanza4?Inthefourthstanza,thespeakerexaminesanotherpictureontheurn,thisoneofagroupofvillagersleadingaheifertobesacrificed.Hewonderswheretheyaregoingandfromwheretheyhavecome.Heimaginestheirlittletown,emptyofallitscitizens,andtellsitthatitsstreetswill“forevermore”besilent,forthosewhohaveleftit,frozenontheurn,willneverreturn.ThefifthstanzaOAtticshape!Fairattitude!withbredeOfmarblemenandmaidensoverwrought,Withforestbranchesandthetroddenweed;Thou,silentform,dostteaseusoutofthoughtAsdotheternity:ColdPastoral!Whenoldageshallthisgenerationwaste,Thoushaltremain,inmidstofotherwoeThanours,afriendtoman,towhomthousay’st’“Beautyistruth,truthbeauty,”---thatisal