重金属镉对动物及人类的毒性研究进展

:2003-03-07:(1971-),,,,ActaAgriculturaeZhejiangensis15(6):376381,20031,2,1(1,,310029,2,310006):,,,KNK,:;;;;:S859.8:A:1004-1524(2003)06-0376-06ThetoxicityofheavymetalCadmiumtoanimalsandhumans:XIELi2hong1,2,XUZi2rong1(1FeedScienceInstitute,KeyLaboratoryofAnimalMoleculeNutriologyofMinistryofEducation,ZhejiangUniversity,Hangzhou310029,China;2ChinaNationalRiceResearchInstitute,Hangzhou310006,China)Abstract:Cadmiumexistsbroadlyinenvironment.Itisseverelydangeroustoanimalandhumans.Cadmiummainlydistributedinliverandkidneyinanimal.Itimpairesliver,kidney,spleenandinstineetal,andinducesimmunesuppressionandcancer.Inthispaper,Cadmium,chemicalcharacter,theoriginfromenvironmentpol2lution,thetoxicitytoamimalsandhumansandtheroleofMT,Ca2+andapoptosisinthetoxicantmechanismofCd.arediscussed.Keywords:cadmium;immunesuppression;toxicity;MT;apoptosis,50,,,3000,6.218,1972,FAO/WHO,1974,(ATSDR)1,d2,2©1995-2004TsinghuaTongfangOpticalDiscCo.,Ltd.Allrightsreserved.;,(),()0.001g/m3,0.03g/m30.0644.9g/hm2,,135.6g/hm2[1],10%,10%40%,,,,;,100mg/kg,198719889()0.0270mg/kg,020g/,01.5g/,50100g/,1g,,1972,FAOWHO400500g/(),5771g/1988,FAOWHO4860g/,3,[3];,;;;;;,;,;,;,,,[4],[5],,IARC[6]Czaknecki,3060mg/kg,Petersen,[7],0.20mg/kg[8],:0.7410-5(GPT)(GOT);GPTGOT0.7410-5,,,,,,Cd2MT(cadmiummetallothionein,),,:;,GrotenJP[9]773:©1995-2004TsinghuaTongfangOpticalDiscCo.,Ltd.Allrightsreserved.(),(),,;CdCl2,DNA,[10],,816,[20],(95%)4,4.1SOD,TT,L3T4+L3T4+/Lyt2+,Lyt2+[11]+2hCRF()SD,TB,(P0105);CRF(P0105)[12]14,0.3mg/kgIgM2PFC,42.1%,12.5mol/L48h,25mol/L72h,38.3%77.8%Kartelan25mol/L72h,ConA40%4.2100mol/L,,,,210-6[13]5.0mol/L10mol/L,(TNF2)(NO),E2(PGE2)TNF2NO,TNF2MHC2,,IL21IL26IL28GM2CSF(),,TNF2,PGE2,,,PGE24.3KNK(K)(NK),Daniels6.25mg/kg,NKMCMV,NKIFNNK587315(2003)©1995-2004TsinghuaTongfangOpticalDiscCo.,Ltd.Allrightsreserved.,,;2:,,,,,[14][15]7.0,14.0mg/kg(P0105)(P0.01)(LDH)(ACP),(AKP)LDH1,LDH2,LDH3,LDH41.098.72mol/kg,,LDH5,1.09,2.18,4.38mol/kg,;8.72mol/kg[29],(1,5,6),,20,(GnRH),(P0105);(P0105);GnRH,[18](0,0.25(0.5),1.0mg/kg),:714FSH()LH()(P0105),LHFSH(P0105)[19],66.1(MT)(600010000),(712),23%33%(20),,,MTMT,,,MTCd2MT,Cd2MT,,Cd2MT,,,,,2MT,[20]6.2Cd2+9.710-7cm,Ca2+(9.910-9cm)Cd2+CdMCa2+CaM,(IP3),;Ca2+2ATP(Ca2+2ATPCa2+973:©1995-2004TsinghuaTongfangOpticalDiscCo.,Ltd.Allrightsreserved.),,,,,[21,22]6.3DNA,,,,,,,[23]6.4CRF()CRF/6.5,SimonsSDNADNA,,,,[24]6.6,Cd2MT,DNA200,82,DNA,DNA,Ca2+,Ca2+,ATP,,,[25]7,,,,,,,,,pH;,,,,,C,[26],,:[1]NiraguJO,PacynaJM.Quantitativeassessmentofworldwidecontaminationofair,waterandsoilsbytracemetals[J].Na2ture(London),1988,333:1342139.[2]HutionM,SymonC.Thequantitiesofcadmium,lead,mer2curyenteringtheUKenvironmentfromhumanactivities[J].SciTotalEnviron,1986,57:129-150.[3],.[J].,08315(2003)©1995-2004TsinghuaTongfangOpticalDiscCo.,Ltd.Allrightsreserved.1992,7(1):9-11.[4]ElsenhansB,HunderG,StrugalaGK.Longitudinalpaternofenzymaticandabsorptivefunctionsinthesmallintestineofratsaftershort2termexposuretodietarycadmiumchloride[J].ArchEnvironContamToxicol,1999,36:341-346.[5]WeidnerWJ,SillmenAJ.Lowlevelsofcadmiumchloridedemagethecornealendothelium[J].ArchivesofToxicology,1997,71(7):455-460.[6]IARC.IARCMonographsontheEvaluationofCarcinogenicRiskstoHumans[M].Lyon,France:InternationalAgencyforResearchonCancer,1993.[7],.[J].,1991,(1):78-83.[8],,,.[J].,1995,19(1):21-27.[9]GrotenJP,HissinkE,Van2BladerenPJ.Cadmiumaccumula2tionandmetallothioneinconcentrationafter4weeksdietaryexposuretocadmiumchlorideorcadmium2metallothioneininrats[J].ToxicoApplPharmacol,1991,11:504-511.[10]KierstinPG,AgnetaO.Cadmiuminmilkandmammaryglandinratsandmice[J].ArchivesofToxicology,2000,73(10):519-527.[11],.[J].,2000,29(4):193-196.[12],,.[J].,1995,15(10):76-78.[13],.[J].,1999,16(6):332-333.[14]ShivaK.TheeffectofCadmiumonfemalerat[J].Contra2ception,1982,26(2):181.[15],.[J].,1997,23(4):213-214.[16].[J].,1997,16(3):123-125.[17],.[J].,1999,26(5):7-8.[18],,,.FSHLH[J].,2002,18(6):37-36.[19],Dr.Bolonnerdal.[J].,1997,19(3):344-347.[20]DudleyRE,KlassenCD.Changesinhepaticglutathioneconcentrationmodifycadmium2inducedhepatotoxicity[J].ToxicolApplPharmacol,1984,72:530-538.[21]AlexandraP,MargeliS.Metallothioneeinexpressionduringliverregenerationafterpartialhepatectomyincadmium2pre2treatedrats[J].ArchivesofToxicology,1994,16(1):253-256.[22]ToshioT,Calmodulin2dependentcalciumsignaltransduc2tion[J].Pharmacol,1988,46:101.[23]SharmaG,NathR,GillKD.Effectofethanoloncadmium-inducedlipidperxidationandantioxidantenzymesinratliver[J].BiochemicalPharmacology,1991,42(Suppl):9-16.[24],,,.[J].,2001,18(2):67-68.[25].()[J].,2002,6(31):18-19.[26],,,.[J].,2002,21(2):21-25.()183:©1995-2004TsinghuaTongfangOpticalDiscCo.,Ltd.Allrightsreserved.