The Wild Honey Suckle 野金银花 Philip Freneau

TheWildHoneySuckleGroupMembers:TheIntroductionofTheWriterTheFirstStanzaTheSecondStanzaTheThirdStanzaTheFourthStanzaForm,Structure&FiguresofSpeechSummaryTheWildHoneySuckle2PhilipFreneau(1752--1832)菲利普·弗伦诺Hewasthemostsignificantpoetof18thcenturyAmerica.“PoetoftheAmericanRevolution”（美国革命诗人）“FatherofAmericanPoetry”（美国诗歌之父）Almostaloneofhisgeneration,hemanagedtopeerthroughthepervasiveatmosphereofimitativeness,toseelifearounddirectly,toappreciatethenaturalscenesonthenewcontinentandthenativeIndiancivilization.TheIntroductionoftheWriterTheWildHoneySuckle31)LifeHewasborninNewYork.At16,heenteredPrincetonUniversity.LaterheattendedtheWarofIndependence,andhewascapturedbyBritisharmyin1780.Afterbeingreleased,hepublished“TheBritishPrisonShip”in1871.Inthesameyear,hepublished“TotheMemoryoftheBraveAmericans”.Afterwar,hesupportedJefferson,andcontributedgreatlytoAmericangovernment.However,after50yearsold,helivedinpoverty.Andatlasthediedinablizzard.TheWildHoneySuckle42)MainWorksTheRisingGloryofAmerica蒸蒸日上的美洲TheBritishPrisonShip英国囚船TotheMemoryoftheBraveAmericans纪念美国勇士TheWildHoneysuckle野生的金银花TheIndianBuryingGround印第安人殡葬地Someofhismostfamousworks,withtheirlyricquality,sensuousimagesandtheirfreshperceptionofnatureand“noblesavagery”aredirectlyAmericanFairflower,thatdostsocomelygrow,(a)美丽的金银花，Hidinthissilent,dullretreat,(b)你粲然绽放于幽静一角。Untouchedthyhoneyedblossomsblow,(a)芳菲满枝，无人垂顾,TheFirstStanzaUnseenthylittlebranchesgreet:(b)迎风起舞，无人注目。Norovingfootshallcrushtheehere,(c)游子从不践踏你的玉体，Nobusyhandprovokeatear.(c)过客从不催落你的泪滴。comely秀丽的honeyed甜如蜜的blossoms开花roving粗纱crush践踏Provoke煽动TheWildHoneySuckle8•ByNature’sselfinwhitearrayed,（a）•大自然授你白色的裙裳，•Shebadetheeshunthevulgareye,(b)•她命你远遁世俗的眼光，•Andplantedheretheguardianshade,(a)•根植于此尽享监护荫凉，•Andsentsoftwatersmurmuringby;(b)•她遣柔情流水浅吟低唱；TheSecondStanzaTheWildHoneySuckle9•Thusquietlythysummergoes,(c)•你的夏季悄悄消失远方，•Thydaysdecliningtorepose.(c)•颓然归于安宁你的辉煌。•Nature’sself=Natureitself•Array服装•Thee你•Shun避开•Vulgar庸俗的•Murmuring连续低沉的声音•Repose小憩安息TheWildHoneySuckle10•FiguresofSpeech(修辞手法)•第二段主要运用了拟人（Personification）的修辞手法.•inwhitearrayed•Bade(bid)•shunthevulgareye•Sent(send)•MurmuringTheWildHoneySuckle11TheThirdStanzaSmitwiththosechams,thatmustdecay,Igrievetoseeyourfuturedoom;Theydied--norwerethoseflowersmoregay,TheflowersthatdidinEdenbloom;Unpityingfrosts,andAutumn'spowerShallleavenovestigeofthisflower.妩媚动人，你却无法盛颜久长，落红满地，你令我黯然神伤。纵然在伊甸乐园，人间天堂，也难免一日凋零，满目凄凉。萧瑟秋风，凄白秋霜，你终于消失得无影无踪。诗人从第三小节开始笔锋一转。显然，诗人对大自然的神奇力量由崇拜转为迷惑，怀着惋惜忐忑的心情联想到生命的无奈和大自然的无情，开始了对生命本质的思考。TheWildHoneySuckle12Thisstanzaimmediatelychangedthetonefromsilentadmirationandappreciationtooutrightlamentationoverthe“future’sdoom”oftheflower---evenNaturewasunabletosavetheflowerfromitsdeath.Actuallynoflower,ornolivingbeing,canescape.NoteventheflowersthatusedtobloominEden.Thusfromtheflowerinnaturethepoetstartedtoponderoverthefateofman,whowasboundtofallfromhisinnocenceandsufferfromthedespairofdeathastheresulttohisexilefromParadise.ButinordertoaccordwiththechangeintoneandtopicinStanza3,therhythmicpatternisvaried.Differentfromtherestthepoemwhichiswritteninsmoothiambictetrameterlines,thethirdlineofthestanza---“Theydied”---beginswitha“spondee”(twostressedbeatsinarow)and,afterforcingthereadertopause(thedash),continuesinahighlyirregularrhythmwithanintensificationofstressedbeats.Thepurposeisobvious:thespeakerwantstodrivethehorriblemessagehome,toletthereaderfeeltheimpactacutely.TheWildHoneySuckle13Frommorningsunsandeveningdews朝霞暮露Atfirstthylittlebeingcame:孕育了你娇小的身躯Ifnothingonce,younothinglose,不曾拥有，何曾失去,Forwhenyoudieyouarethesame;来时一无所有,去时化作尘土，Thespacebetween,isbutanhour,可叹生命苦短，Thefraildurationofaflower.你终究红消香断。TheFourthStanzaTheWildHoneySuckle14Rhyme:ababccTechniques：Personification:thewildhoneysuckle;Exaggeration:thespacebetween,isbutanhour;thetransienceandfrailtyoflifeTone:loving,sympatheticTheWildHoneySuckle15第四小节，诗人对主题进一步挖掘。至此，Freneau借助金银花的荣枯阐述了自己毫不掩饰的自然观：万物有生必有死，有荣必有枯，花开花落，四季转换乃自然界的规律，这一规律是不以人的意志为转移的，是人类无法抗拒的。自然界万物的生生息息乃自然的神力所造就，是人类无法左右的。因而，对于花的荣枯，人的生死，人类大可不必为之伤情。正如中国的一句古语，人“生不带来死不带去”。诗人高歌：“不曾拥有，何曾失去”，足以说明诗人对生命本质有了明确的认识后，走出困惑，最终达到一种豁达乐观的境界。TheWildHoneySuckle16诗歌的最后四句，似对花说，又似诗人自然自语，令人颇为回味，乃整首诗歌的点睛之笔。人无异于花草，两者都发端于“一块共同的泥土”，并无法回避“一把黄土葬其身”的最终结局。美是那么短暂，人生或许亦莫过于此吧。言尽而意犹存，让人怅然若失。诗人记录了他对生命的感触，揭示生命的本质，借此提醒读者，生命因其短暂而宝贵无价。虽然生命只是从生到死的一个过程，但依然有许多令人心快的绮丽风光，有许多值得人们为之奋斗拼搏的美好事物。珍惜生命才是真正地享受生命。尽管生命是有限的，却要在这有限的生命中，尽可能绽放它，满怀热情，悟彻人生的实质。就如同任何一种像野金银花的花卉不会因为最终的凋零而拒绝开放，人类也不应该因为生命最终的结局是死亡就放弃对生命的珍爱。TheWildHoneySuckle17FormFairflower,thatdostsocomelygrow,aHidinthissilent,dullretreat,bUntouchedthyhoneyedblossomsblow,aUnseenthylittlebranchesgreet:bNorovingfootshallcrushtheehere,cNobusyhandprovokeatear.cForm:foursix-linestanzasRhyme:ababccTheWildHoneySuckle18StructureThestructureofthepoemisregular,soithastheneoclassicalqualityofproportionandbalance.Alliteration（头韵）,assonance（谐音）,masculinerhyme（阳韵）usedinthepoemalsoproducemusicalormelodious（有旋律的，悦耳的）andharmoniousbeauty,whichmatchesthebeautyoftheflower,andthebeautyofpoemispartlyembodied（表现）intheeffectscreatedthroughchangesintherhythm.Thepoemcontainsiambics,trochaicsan