您好,欢迎访问三七文档
皮肤性病学示教皮疹SKINLESIONS表皮真皮皮下皮疹的分类•原发性皮损(primarylesions)–由皮肤病理变化的直接结果–斑疹、斑块、丘疹、结节、风团、水疱、大疱、脓疱、囊肿等•继发性皮损(secondarylesions)–指原发性皮损因自然演变而来,或因搔抓、治疗不当所致的继发性改变。–鳞屑、糜烂、浸渍、裂隙、萎缩、溃疡、结痂、抓痕、苔藓样变等•原发性损害(primarylesions)斑疹、斑块、丘疹、结节、风团、水疱、大疱、脓疱、囊肿等Macule:Amaculeisacircumscribed,flatlesionthatdiffersfromsurroundingskinbecauseofitscolor.1.斑疹:皮肤黏膜的局限性颜色改变,与皮面平齐。分类:(1)按大小分:1cm斑疹(macule);≥1cm斑片(patch)(2)按性质分:红斑:充血性,压之褪色出血斑:渗出性,压之不褪色色素沉着斑色素减退斑出血斑:2mm瘀点;2mm瘀斑2.斑块(plaque):直径大于1cm的隆起、浅表、扁平性皮损。Papule:Apapuleisasmall,solid,elevatedlesion.Papulesareusuallysmallerthan1cmindiameter.3.丘疹:直径小于1cm的局限、实质、浅表、隆起性损害。1.丘疹融合后可以形成斑块;2.介于斑疹和丘疹稍隆起之间的称“斑丘疹”;3.顶部有小水疱时称“丘疱疹”4.顶部有小脓疱时称“丘脓疱疹”。Wheal:Awheal,orhiveisaroundorflat-toppedpapuleorplaquethatischaracteristicallyevanescent,disppearingwithin24hours.4.风团:真皮浅层水肿引起的暂时性、局限性隆起性损害,持续时间通常短于24小时,消退后不留痕迹,常伴剧痒。5.水疱:1cm的局限、隆起、内含液体的腔隙性损害。1cm:大疱.Vesicleandbulla:Avesicleisacircumscribed,elevatedlesionthatcontainsfluid.Abullaeisavesiclelargerthan0.5cm.Canbeepidermalorsubepidermal.水疱疱疹:含有液体高出皮面的损害。大疱:含有液体高出皮面的损害,直径大于1cm。Pustule:Apustuleisacircumscribed,raisedlesionthatcontainsapurulentexudate.6.脓疱:局限、隆起、内含脓液的腔隙性损害。细菌性脓疱非细菌性脓疱Nodule:Anoduleisapalpable,solid,roundorellipsoidallesion.Depthofinvolvementand/orsubstantivepalpabilityratherthandiameterdifferentiateanodulefromapapule.7.结节:局限、实质、深在性皮损。高出皮面基本平齐皮面Cyst:Acystisasacthatcontainsliquidorsemisolidmaterial(fluid,cells,andcellproducts),onpalpation,itisresilient.8.囊肿:含有液体和细胞成份的囊性损害。•继发性损害(secondarylesions)指原发性皮损因自然演变而来,或因搔抓、治疗不当所致的继发性改变。鳞屑、糜烂、浸渍、裂隙、萎缩、溃疡、结痂、抓痕、苔藓样变等Erosion:Aerosionisamoist,circumscribed,usuallydepressedlesionthatresultsfromlossofalloraportionoftheviableepidermis.1.糜烂:表皮或粘膜上皮缺损导致的浅表湿润创面,愈后不留疤痕Ulcer:Anulcerisadepressedlesioninwhichtheepidermisandatleasttheupperdermishavebeendestroied.2.溃疡:皮肤或粘膜破溃后形成的深达真皮及以下的创面。愈合后常形成瘢痕。溃疡:皮肤缺损达到真皮或真皮以下Scale,desquamation:Abnormalsheddingoraccumulationofstratumcorneuminperceptibleflakesiscalledscaling.3.鳞屑:已经脱落或即将脱落的角质层细胞鳞屑:脱落的表皮细胞及其它成分4.浸渍(meceration):因角质层含水过多所致的皮肤变软发白5.裂隙(fissure):线状皮肤裂口,可深达真皮6.瘢痕:真皮或深部组织缺损后,由新生结缔组织修复而成。增生性:萎缩性:Atrophy:Atrophyreferstoadiminutioninthesizeofacell,tissue,organorpartofthebody.7.萎缩:因皮肤退行性变导致的表皮、真皮或皮下组织减少Crust:Crustsarehardeneddepositsthatresultwhenserum,blood,orpurulentexudatedebrisontheskinsurface,andtheyarecharacteristicofpyogenicinfections.8.痂:创面上多种成分混合干燥物9.抓痕:因搔抓或摩擦导致的线状或点状表皮或真皮浅层的剥脱性缺损。10.苔藓样变(lichenification):因反复机械性刺激导致的皮肤局限性粗糙增厚,皮脊隆起,皮沟加深,常伴剧痒。
本文标题:皮肤病的皮疹
链接地址:https://www.777doc.com/doc-3243064 .html