高英 logic fallacy 八大逻辑谬误

LogicalFallacies错误的推理11-1BS彭秀秀EightTypesofFallacyDictosimpliciter绝对判断Hastygeneralization草率结论Posthoc牵强附会Contradictorypremises矛盾前提Admisericordiam文不对题Falseanalogy错误类比Hypothesiscontrarytofact与事实相反的假设Poisoningthewell井下放毒Dictosimpliciter绝对判断Exerciseisgood，soeverybodyshouldexercise.No!Dictosimpliciter绝对判断Exerciseisgood，soeverybodyshouldexercise.No!Itmeansanargumentbasedonanunqualifiedgeneralization.即将普遍规则运用于有特殊情况发生的个别情形之中。Hastygeneralization草率结论Fred,theAustralian,stolemywallet.Thus,allAustraliansarethieves.No!Hastygeneralization草率结论Fred,theAustralian,stolemywallet.Thus,allAustraliansarethieves.No!Itappliesaspecialcasetogeneralrule.由个别情形来推断普遍规则.Posthoc牵强附会McDonald'sandKFCofferfoodswithlittlenutrition,andthuswecannotexpectanyfastfoodrestauranttoprovideuswithnutritiousfoods.No!Posthoc牵强附会McDonald'sandKFCofferfoodswithlittlenutrition,andthuswecannotexpectanyfastfoodrestauranttoprovideuswithnutritiousfoods.No!Thecausehasnoconnectionwiththeresult.原因和结果没有必然联系Hedecidedtogiveupallhisdecisions.No!Contradictorypremises矛盾前提Whenthepremisesofanargumentcontradicteachother,therecanbenoargument.当论证的前提相互矛盾时，这立论便不能成立。Wehopeyou'llacceptourrecommendations.Wespentthelastthreemonthsworkingextratimeonit.No!Theanswerhasnoconnectionwiththequestion.Admisericordiam文不对题Youngchildrenarelikeflowers---flowersshouldstayawayfromterribleweathertogrow,sochildrenneedtogetridofeverythingnegative.No!Makingananalogybetweendifferentthings.Falseanalogy错误类比IfIhadstudiedharder,Iwoulddefinitelyhavepassedthattest.No!Drawinganysupportableconclusionfromahyperthesisthatisnotture.Hypothesiscontrarytofact与事实相反的假设.Poisoningthewell井下放毒Myopponentisanotoriousliar.Youcan'tbelieveawordthatheisgoingtosay.No!.Poisoningthewell井下放毒Myopponentisanotoriousliar.Youcan'tbelieveawordthatheisgoingtosay.No!PoisoningtheWell,orspeaking“againsttheman”ratherthantheissue,inwhichthepremisesmayonlymakeapersonalattackonapersonwhoholdssomethesis,insteadofofferinggroundsshowingwhywhathesaysisfalse.Thankyou!Thankyou!Thankyou!Thankyou!