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英语专业四级语法词汇精讲个人追求环球学术:方法;规律,智慧做人:个人成长,一种经历、体验,人生态度英语学习勤奋方法整体框架1.特殊结构2.基本类别主谓一致冠词代词;代词时态,语态,体非谓语情态动词、助动词虚拟语气;倒装,比较结构;强调句型3.词汇:同根异义/词形近似近义词辨析词组,固定搭配,小品词1.特殊结构Itis(high)timesbdidsthItisessential/necessary…sb(should)dosthAisBwhatCisD表示比较的:nomore/less…than;nobetterthan;notmorethan,notlessthan;notsomuchas与其…不如Nootherthan除…之外没有;Otherthan除了BeherichorpoorSomethingof/muchofa+职业;有点天赋Hewillmakeafirst-classsingercannot/cannever…too…越…越好cannotbutdo禁不住Annneverdreamsof_____forhertobesentabroadverysoon.AtherebeingachanceBtheretobeachanceCtherebeachanceDbeingachanceIt’suncommonfortheretobe…Knowbetterthantodo,bewiseenoughnottodoWouldrather+从句:宁愿…Without,Butfor,haditnotbeenfor,onlythat:要不是,若非Allbut=almost,几乎,差一点Theoldmanisallbutblind.nothingbut只;anythingbut决非;nonebut只有nothingelsethan只不过Noneotherthan;nooneelsebut正是,不是别的assuch就本身而言,以这种身份;同样地Forall=inspiteofSuchastodo如此…以致于save=exceptmuchas=although;hardashetried;cleverasheis表示让步Itisuncommon/rare/strange…fortheretobesth.But=whodon’tTherearefewbutunderstandhisnewideas.Lest;incase;forfear(of/that),forfearlest(should)万一,以防,生怕Inthat:由于,因为;既然;(不强调因果关系,只是理由之一)nowthat既然(由于…,既然…),obviousreason.突出事件性,表突发情况,用nowthat,that可省略.一般句首,婉转。Nowthatyouarebusy,letmedoitforyou.既然你忙,就让我给你做吧。Ifonly:aslongas只要:Ifonlyitclearsup,we'llgo.要是…该多好:IfonlyIhadanotherchance.Onlyif只有当(只是在...时)可倒可不倒OnlyifIgetajobwillIhaveenoughmoneytogotoschool.muchsomuchas甚至,连...也...(一般用于否定句):与其,不如muchas:非常象,和...几乎一样;尽管,虽然asmuch同样地;这样地;同等数量/程度的thatmuch=somuch这[那]么多,这[那]么些asmuchas多达...,达到....程度;几乎等于,和..差不多asmuch...as...同...一样多的,跟...达到同一程度bymuch大大地,...得多eversomuch非常forasmuchas由于,既然2.基本类别主谓一致冠词代词;代词时态,语态,体非谓语情态动词、助动词虚拟语气;倒装,比较结构;强调句型3.词汇:同根异义/词形近似近义词辨析词组,固定搭配,小品词1.主谓一致主谓一致的三原则语法一致:大多数谓语劢词的单复数形式叏决亍主语的人称。意义一致:当主语强调整体时用单数;当主语强调构成集吅的各个成员时用复数。就近一致:往往采用就近原则。单数的几种情况1.不定式、动名词、主语从句作主语时用单数形式。2.事件、国名、机构名称、书籍及其他作品的名称作主语时用单数形式。3、时间、距离、重量、长度、价值等名词,不论单复数,都用单数形式。4、each,every,one,either,neither,manya,morethanone,notonlyone等作主语戒者修饰主语时,一般使用单数形式。5、thenumberof…作主语时,用单数形式。6.aportion/series/species/swarm/kind…+of+n.作主语时,用单数形式。注意:quantities后面的名词无论是可数名词复数,还是不可数名词,都用复数形式。7.由and连接的短语作主语:用and连接两个以上的名词戒代词作主语时,谓语一般用复数。Eg.JackandJill;注意:①连接的名词或代词前后都有every,each,no,manya等修饰。Everyhourandeveryminuteisprecioustome.②连接的名词戒代词表示单一概念——指同一个人或一整体,须用单数形式。Earlytobedandearlytorisemakesamanhealthy,wealthyandwise.其他:friendandfoe;butterandbread,partandparcel(重要的部分),needleandthread;theebbandflow。复数的几种情况1.anumberof…作主语,用复数形式;2.由and,both…and…连接的短语作主语,用复数;3.people,police,clergy(牧师),cattle,poultry,vermin(害虫,寄生虫),militia(民兵)等等作主语时,用复数;4.常以复数形式出现的名词作主语时,如:remains,riches,scissors(剪刀),shears(大剪刀),clothes,pants,leavings(残余),annals(年报,编年史)…5.不可数名词前有表示数量的复数名词时,用复数形式。e.g.Fivethousandsquaremetersofhousinghavebeenbuilt.根据语意①抽象、具体均可:audience,class,club,committee,family,firm,government,public,jury,school,staff,team,union,police…。Thetelevisionpublicisincreasingrapidly.电视观众正急速增长。Thepublicaretiredofdemonstrations.公众对示威感到厌烦。Thepoliceareonhistrack.警察在跟踪他。②单复同形Chinese,Japanese,deer,sheep,swine,series,species,means等,这些名词要根据起数量概念决定谓语单复数。theminority/majorityof+n.,plenty/part/half/rest/xpercentof+n.作主语时,谓语形式与名词一致。form(s)/kind(s)/type(s)of+n.作主语时,谓语单复数与form(s)等的单复数一致。注意:即使名词是不可数名词,谓语劢词也要用复数形式。e.g.Twokindsofsalthavebeenprovedtobeharmfultohumanbody.④the+adj.作主语时,若指一个人或抽象概念用单数;若指一类人用复数。Thedeadwashismother.死者是他的母亲。ThehomelessinHaitiarereportedtobemorethan50,000.⑤在强调句中,强调主语时,that/who引导的谓语动词形式取决于被强调的主语。e.g.Itwasthedriverwhowastoblamefortheaccident.是司机对应该对这件事事故负责。就近原则①or,either…or,neither…nor,notonly…(but)also等作主语时:e.g.NeitheryounorIamwrong.②aswellas应理解为插入语,不影响谓语形式。accompaniedwith,asmuchas,besides,except,including,inadditionto,insteadof,nolessthan,ratherthan,togetherwith,alongwith,with,but,like,morethan,nolessthan,exceptfor…③therebe句型中,谓语使用就近原则。Manya+单名+谓单Oneandahalf+复名+谓单(复)One+Nandahalf+谓单Morethanone+单名+谓单More+复名thanone+谓复Agreat/goodmany(of)studentshave…2.代词All,someone,none,oneAlmost,most,many,much,moreWhat,whatever,whicheverNothingbut,anythingbut,ofoneself自动的,属于自己的inoneself从本质上说Onecannotmakeasilkpurseoutofasow'sear.巧妇难为无米之炊.单复数的概念each和every都是单数概念,但every只能作形容词,each能作代词和形容词。两者修饰名词时,都表示“每一个”,但each强调个体,every强调整体。all指代两个以上人时用复数;当all指代东西时为单数。none作代词,谓语单复数两可。三者之间的相互关系不用among,而是用between肯定与否定完全肯定:Bothofthetwobooksaregood.Allofthebooksaregood.完全否定:Neitherofthetwobooksis/aregood.Noneofthebooksisgood.部分否定:Bothofthetwobooksarenotgood.NotallofuslikeEnglish.其它要点在表示时间、金钱、距离等的短语前,another可用于有数词修饰的复数名词前another3miles;3milesmore。other与some,any,no,every,数词连用时,置于这些词的后面。other与名词连用,置于名词前面,但other不能单独使用。everyotherday/while/week每隔three:one,theother,anothertwo:thebiggeroneisred.反义疑问句祈使句;Let’s…,shallwe?Letus…,willyou?Iwish后的反义疑问句e.g.Iwishtohaveanothertry,mayI?陈述句谓语劢词为wish时,表示征求意见,附加问句用may。否定性的;(un-,dis-,im,in-,ir-除外)当陈述部分是I(We)think(believe,suppose,consider)+that从句时,疑问句应和从句的人称时态保持一致。Ithinkthathehasdonehisbest,hasn’the?Idon’tthinkthatyoucandoit,canyou?Wedon’tbelievethatthenewsistrue
本文标题:专四词汇语法 总结 March 17
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