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Class:XXGroup:XXMembers:XX,XX,XXSpeaker:XXTherearealotofcolorwordsinbothEnglishandChinese.ThecolorwordsinbothEnglishandChinesecanbedividedinto3parts:basiccolorwords(基本颜色词),colorwordswithcolorsofobjects(实物颜色词),andcolorwordsinshades(色差颜色词)。Inmypresentationtheformation(形态结构),syntacticfunctions(句法功能)andcharacteristics(表达形式)ofEnglishandChinesecolorwordshavebeenanalyticallystudied,andsomedifferencesandsimilaritiesofEnglishandChinesecolorwordshavebeensummedup.Definitions&SamplesBasiccolorwords基本颜色词Colorwordswithcolorsofobjects实物颜色词ColorwordsInshades色差颜色词Definitions基本颜色词指那些本来就用以表达事物色彩的颜色词。实物颜色词指的是用自然界物体的本色来表示颜色的词。色差颜色词是指来自太阳的自然光或白光照射在各种颜色上有深浅明暗之分,英语中用“shade”来表示这类颜色的细微色差。Samples赤(红):red,橙:orange,黄:yellow,绿:green,青:indigo(deepblue),蓝:blue,紫:purple(violet)金黄:gold/golden,银白:silver,橙黄:orange,铅灰:lead-gray,桔红:orange-red,桃红:peach-pink,栗色:chestnutbrown(1)表深浓:deep/dark;(2)表浅淡:light/pale;(3)表鲜明:bright/rich/vivid。Basiccolorwords基本颜色词(1)基本颜色词作形容词在英汉两种语言中基本颜色词作形容词都是普遍现象,如:reddates(红枣),redscarf(红领巾),whitecollar(白领),bluecollar(蓝领)等。(2)基本颜色词作名词在英语和汉语中颜色词还都可以作名词,如:1)Ourplanetoucheddownandoureyeswereimmediatelyfilledwiththerichgreenthatcoversthewholeearth.我们的飞机开始降落,覆盖整个地球的浓绿色瞬时映入我们的眼帘。2)Idon’tlikethegreyoftheskyonarainyday.我不喜欢雨天天空的灰色。(3)基本颜色词作动词所有汉语中的颜色词和部分英语颜色词可直接用作动词,如:3)Sorrowhasgreyedhishead.他因悲伤头发白了。4)Theleavesyellowedslowly.树叶渐渐地黄了。英语基本颜色词作动词时,有时需要有词尾变化,如:redden,blacken,whiten等。Colorwordswithcolorsofobjects实物颜色词1实基合用式颜色词实基合用式颜色词是“实物颜色词+基本颜色词”构成,在英汉两种语言中实基合用式都是常见的表达颜色的形式,如:rose-red(玫瑰红),silver-grey(银灰),wax-yellow(蜡黄),milk-white(乳白),emerald-green(祖母绿),sapphire-blue(宝石蓝),jade-green(翠绿),apricot-yellow(杏黄),canary-yellow(金丝雀黄),grass-green(草绿),blood-red(血红),flesh-pink(肉粉),orange-red(橘红),chestnut-brown(栗棕),pitch-black(漆黑),sky-blue(天蓝)等,英汉实基合用式颜色词都可作名词和形容词:1)Myfavoritecolorissapphire-blue.我最喜欢的颜色是宝石蓝。2)Hewasinawhiteshirtandarose-redtie.他穿着白衬衫,打着玫瑰红的领带。2实词加色式颜色词实词加色式颜色词由“实物颜色词+colored(或hued,tinted)”构成,在英汉两种语言中也都是常见的表达颜色的形式,如:tea-colored(茶色),bronze-colored(古铜色),peach-colored(桃色),coffee-colored(咖啡色),brick-colored(砖色),flesh-colored(肉色),vegetable-colored(菜色),rust-colored(铁锈色),agate-colored(玛瑙色),ivory-colored(象牙色)等,实词加色式颜色词在句中只能作形容词:3)Onthetablestoodavaseofagate-coloredglass.桌上摆着一个玛瑙色的玻璃花瓶。4)Hewasdressedinadarkcoffee-coloredsuit.他穿着一身深咖啡色的西装。3英语实物颜色词可独立使用英语实物颜色词可独立使用是英语颜色词与汉语颜色词的一大不同之处,实物颜色形容词在英文中较为常见,如:cherrylips(鲜红的嘴唇),hazeleyes(淡褐色的眼睛),ravenhair(漆黑的头发),lilacgown(淡紫色长外衣),mulberrysuit(深紫色套装),chestnutcurls(褐色卷发),emeraldmeadow(碧绿的草地)等4实物颜色词的国俗语义民族文化色彩除体现在“红”、“白”、“黄”等基本颜色词中外,还体现在实物颜色词中。我们中国人喜欢用“米色”表示一种淡黄色,因为米是我们的主食,而英国人则以cream(奶油色)或butter-yellow(黄油色)来表达这一颜色,因为奶油和黄油是他们的普通食物。英国人还常用salmon(三文鱼)作实物颜色词,来表示一种橙红色,lobster(大龙虾)也可作实物颜色词,表示一种鲜红色,中国人不大食用这两种动物,因此,汉语中就没有这两种实物颜色词。Complements(1)英汉基本颜色词表达明暗浓淡的形式比较英汉基本颜色词都需用词汇手段的辅助来表达比较复杂的颜色概念,如浓淡明暗,英语的具体做法是在颜色词前冠以deep,dark,rich等词,表示某一颜色的深浓;lightpale等词,表示某一颜色的浅淡;bright,vivid,fresh等词,表示某一颜色的鲜明;dull,dirty,murky,darkling等词,表示某一颜色的阴暗。汉语表达颜色程度不同时,也可在基本颜色词前面加上深、浅、暗、淡、惨、大、老、嫩、亮、昏、焦、通、殷、艳等词,如:深蓝、浅灰、暗紫、淡绿、惨白、大红、老绿、嫩绿、亮紫、昏黄、焦黑、通红、殷红、艳红等。2)英语颜色词有个独特的用法,即通过语法手段,也就是加后缀-ish,来表达颜色的浅淡,基本颜色词加上了这个后缀可被译作“微带……色”,如:5)Greyishwispsofkitchensmokewerecurlingupfromthehouse-top.淡青色的炊烟正从屋顶飘起。6)Heisabigmanwithbrownishbeard.他身材高大,胡须浅棕色。补充:sand沙子–sandish沙的,沙色的baby,child小孩–babyish,childish幼稚的(3)汉语中有“ABB”式颜色词这类颜色词是在基本颜色词后面加上表示程度、状态的词构成,如:红扑扑、红润润、红彤彤、红艳艳、白皑皑、白花花、白茫茫、白生生、绿盈盈、绿油油、翠生生、黄橙橙、金灿灿、粉盈盈、蓝晶晶、蓝汪汪、青幽幽、灰蒙蒙、灰溜溜、黑洞洞、黑漆漆、黑压压等,这类颜色词属汉语独有,显示出汉语在表达颜色方面形式灵活,生动形象的特点:7)Therearebrightredazaleashereandthere.到处是红艳艳的杜鹃花。8)Thefreshgreenwheatseedlingsarereallybeautiful.绿油油的麦苗真美。Red:Redisacharmingcolorinourlife.Peoplewholikeredalwaysfeelactiveandenergetic,somanypeoplechooseredastheirfavoritecolor.BothinChinaandwesterncountries,redisthecolorabouthappiness,enthusiasmcelebrationandjoy,justlike‘red-letterdays’todescribethefestivedays.IntraditionChinesewedding,bridegroomandbridealwayswearredinthehappiesttimeoftheirlife.Butredalsorepresentsviolenceanddangerinnegativeaspects.Redisthecolorofbloodandsomepeopledonotlikered.Insomesigns,theyalsouseredtoinformpeopledangerortroubleorforbidpeopledoingsomething.Becauseofitsblood,redmaybeusedasthemurder,suchas’haveredhands’(犯杀人罪).Wealsouseredatthetimewhenwetalkaboutthelossofthefinance,suchas‘inthered’(负债,赤字).However,insomeAfricanareas,theyuseredinthefuneral.Andifyouwearredtovisitsomeone,theywillthinkyoudonotwanttogo.1.“红”最主要的象征意义是喜庆、顺利、成功,受重视或欢迎。(1)redletterday纪念日,喜庆的日子(2)topaintthetownred大肆狂欢(3)ThevisitingprincesswastreatedtotheredcarpetinRome.访问中的公主在罗马受到隆重接待。2.在英汉两种语言中,“红”的另一种重要象征意义是“革命”,不同的是,汉语中“革命”带有褒义,而英语常含贬义。(1)redarmy红军(2)redhotpoliticalcampaign激烈的政治运动(3)redactivities左派激进运动3.红色还指“负债”或“亏损”,因为人们总是用红笔登记负数。于是就有了这些词组:redfigure:赤字redink:赤字inthered:亏损red-inkentry:赤字分录redbalance:赤字差额4.汉语中常用的带“红”字的词语,翻译成英语,可不一定用“red”。例如:红糖:brownsugar红茶:blacktea红榜:honorroll红豆:lovepea彩霞:redskyWhiteisthemostcommoncolorinourdailylife.InbothChinaandwestern,whiterepresentspurity,holycleaningandpeace.Butinwestern,peoplechoosewhitemarriagegauze(婚纱)becausetheyalsothinkwhitestandsforloveandloveispureandsacrosanct(神
本文标题:Comparative learning of English and Chinese color
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