9-11讲：英汉互译实践与技巧

英汉互译实践与技巧第一讲翻译简论第二讲英汉语言对比研究第三讲Diction遣词用字第四讲Amplification增词法第五讲Omission省略法第六讲Conversion转换第七讲Restructuring结构调整第八讲ThePassiveVoice被动语态第九讲Affirmativevs.Negative肯定与否定第十讲NominalClauses名词性从句第十一讲AttributiveClause定语从句第十二讲AdverbialClause状语从句第十三讲LongSentences长句的翻译实用文体翻译1：简历实用文体翻译2：求职信实用文体翻译3：通知实用文体翻译4：致辞实用文体翻译5：企业或学校简介实用文体翻译6：新闻英语实用文体翻译7：考研英语实用文体翻译8：论文题目、摘要实用文体翻译9：科技英语第九讲Affirmativevs.Negative肯定与否定一、教学重点：1.英译汉的正反交替2.否定的陷阱二、教学内容：1.英汉翻译中的正反交替2.汉英翻译中的正反交替Ⅰ.NegationinEnglish-ChineseTranslation英汉翻译中的正反交替1)Fullnegatives:no,not,none,never,nothing,nobody,nowhere,neither,nor;2)Seminegatives:hardly,scarcely,seldom,barely,few,little,etc;3)Partialnegatives:notevery,notall,notboth,notmuch,notmany,notalways,etc.4)Wordswithnegativeimplication:fail,without,beyond,until,unless,lest,ignorant,refrain,refuse,neglect,absence,insteadof,otherthan,except,ratherthan,etc.Ⅰ.NegationinEnglish-ChineseTranslation英汉翻译中的正反交替1、AffirmativeinEnglishbutNegativeinChineseSuchachancewasdenied(to)me.我没有得到这样一个机会。(v.)Itwasbeyondhispowertosignsuchacontract.他无权签订这种合同。(prep.)Theguerrillaswouldfighttodeathbeforetheysurrender.游击队员们宁愿战斗到死也决不投降。(conj.)Thelecturerspokeabovetheheadsofhisaudience.讲演者讲得太深奥，听众听不懂。(preposition)Ⅰ.NegationinEnglish-ChineseTranslation英汉翻译中的正反交替2、NegativeinEnglishbutAffirmativeinChineseThedoubtwasstillunresolvedafterhisrepeatedexplanation.虽经他一再解释，疑团仍然存在。(v.)Hemanifestedastrongdislikeforhisfather'sbusiness.他对他父亲的行业表示强烈的厌恶情绪。(n.)Don’tlosetimeinpostingthisletter.赶快把这封信寄出去。(phrase)Ⅰ.NegationinEnglish-ChineseTranslation英汉翻译中的正反交替3、SameEnglishWord,withEitherAffirmativeorNegativeEquivalentsinChineseI'mnewtothework.这工作我是生手。(这工作我不熟悉。)Thestationisnodistanceatall.车站近在咫尺。(车站一点儿也不远。)It’snolessthanafraud.这简直是一场骗局。(这无异于一场骗局。)Ⅰ.NegationinEnglish-ChineseTranslation英汉翻译中的正反交替4、DoubleNegativeforEmphasisThereisnorulethathasnoexception.任何规则都有例外。Thereisnotanyadvantagewithoutdisadvantage.有一利必有一弊。Itisimpossiblebutthatamanwillmakesomemistakes.人不会不犯错误。Ⅰ.NegationinEnglish-ChineseTranslation英汉翻译中的正反交替5、RoundaboutAffirmativeHedidn’thalflikethegirl.他非常喜欢那姑娘。Icouldn’tfeelbetter.我觉得身体好极了。Icouldn’tagreewithyoumore.我太赞成你的看法了。Hecan’tseeyouquickenough.他很想尽快和你见面。Ⅰ.NegationinEnglish-ChineseTranslation英汉翻译中的正反交替6、SomeTrapsinNegativeStructures1)not...becauseTheenginedidn’tstopbecausethefuelwasfinished.引擎并不是因为燃料耗尽而停止运转。2)cannot...tooTheimportanceofthisconferencecannotbeoverestimated.这次会议的重要性无论怎么强调也不过分。Youcannotbetoocarefulinproofreading.校对时，越仔细越好。Ⅰ.NegationinEnglish-ChineseTranslation英汉翻译中的正反交替3)all/every...notAllthatglittersisnotgold.发光的不一定都是金子。No,everythingisnotstraightenedout.不，并非每一个问题都弄清楚了。4)both...notButyousee,webothcannotgo.但是我告诉你，我们俩不能同时都走。Boththeinstrumentsarenotprecisionones.这两件东西不都是精密仪器。Ⅰ.NegationinEnglish-ChineseTranslation英汉翻译中的正反交替5)forallYoumayleaveatonceforallIcare.你尽可立即离开，我才不管呢。Forallweknew,thefilesweweresupposedtophotographwerealreadyontheirway.说不定那些该由我们去拍摄的文件已在途中。6)Itbe+adj.+n.+that…Itisagoodworkmanthatneverblunders.智者千虑,必有一失。Itisalonglanethathasnoend.路必有弯。(凡事总有变化，不会永远不变。)Ⅱ.NegationinChinese-EnglishTranslation汉英翻译中的正反交替1、NegationAccordingtoUsage在他还没来得及阻拦我之前,我己经跑出教室。Beforehecouldstopme,Ihadrushedoutoftheclassroom.俗话说，男儿有泪不轻弹，皆因未到伤心处”.Asthesayinggoes，Menonlyweepwhendeeplyhurt.Ⅱ.NegationinChinese-EnglishTranslation汉英翻译中的正反交替2、NegationforEmphasisorRhetoricalEffect我们讨论问题时，不能忘记这些基本点。Thesebasicconceptsmustbekeptinmindinourdiscussion.党的十六大充分表明我们党兴旺发达，后继有人。The16thPartycongressfullydemonstratesthatourPartyisflourishingandhasnolackofsuccessors.3、NegationtoConveyExactlytheOriginalMeaning到目前为止，该组织辜负了世界人民所奇予的希望。Thisorganizationhasnot,sofar,justifiedthehopeswhichthepeopleoftheworldplaceinit.“我找老王说旬话，马上就回来”.“JusttohaveawordwithWang.Iwon’tbelong!”Practice:Theyoftentalkhorse.Thatwomanwalksthestreets.I'llreportthatofficial.Themachineisinrepair.We'llstanduptotheproject.Don'tmakeafussofthem!Sheisinthedock.Thebossgaveherthesack.Thatgirlstudentisinthegreen.TheoldladyhasgonetoherrestThatyoungmanhaslosthisheart.Theoldmanoftentakeshismedicine.Thatfellowdidhardlaborfor3years.Thewomaninlaborishiswife.I'mnotalittleafraidofsnakes.他们常常吹牛。那个妇女是妓女。我要检举那位官员。那台机器状况良好。我们将抵制这个计划。别讨好他们!她在被告席。老板解雇了她。那女学生正值豆寇年华。那个老太太安息了。那个青年人处于热恋之中。那老人常忍受不愉快的事。那个家伙服过三年劳役。分娩的妇女是他的妻子。我很怕蛇。Practice:Wechargedhimtodoit.Theysurprisedhimdoingit.Ihaveseehimthrough.HeistheSpeaker.WhereistheBook?DoyouknowanythingaboutJapan?Iboughtsomesaltsyesterday.Themanisinthedumps.Don'tcallhimnames!Thelittleboyisalovechild.Heisaconfidenceman.Heisamedicineman.Whatheboughtisinvaluable.Thisisadisusedmachine.Heisdisinterestedintheaffairs.•我们责令他干那事。•他们撞上他做那个事。•我帮助他过难关。•他是议长。•《圣经》在哪?•你了解日本漆吗?•我昨天买了一些泻药。•那个人神情沮丧。•别骂他!•那个小男孩是私生子。•他是个骗子.•他是个巫医。•他买的东西价值连城。•这是一台废弃的机器。•他在此事上公正无私。Practice:Onecouldnotbetoocarefulinanewneighborhood.Onemayaswellbeasleeptoreadforanythingbuttoimprovehismindandmorals,andregulatehisconduct.那座大楼处于无人管理的状态，任何事物部有两点，说只有一点，叫知其一不知其二。第十讲NominalClauses名词性从句一、教学重点：1.名词性从句的翻译2.同位语从句的翻译二、教学内容：1.英语名词性从句的翻译2.汉语复句的翻译Ⅰ.TranslationofEnglishNom