Romanticism浪漫主义-(word版课件)

EnglishRomanticismI.AnOverviewofRomanticism:1.Definition:Romanticism(RomanticMovement)isaliterarymovementwhichtookplacethroughoutEuropeduring1770-1848.Itischaracterizedbyaheightenedinterestinnature,emphasisonimagination,theexaltationoftheindividual'semotionoverreason,departurefromEnlightenmentandclassicism,andrebellionagainstestablishedsocialrulesandconventions.2.EnglishRomanticism:InBritain,theRomanticperiodbeganin1798,theyearofthefirsteditionofLyricalBalladsbyWordsworthandColeridge,andendedin1832,theyearwhichmarkedthedeathofSirWalterScott.II.HistoricalBackground(3revolutionsanddomesticpoliticalmovement)1.FrenchRevolution:influenceontheEnglishlower-classpeopleandprogressiveintellectualstofightfordemocracy;influenceoftheFrenchideal(“liberty,equalityandfraternity”);callfornaturalhumanrights2.AmericanRevolution:influenceontheideaofindependence,humanfreedom,anddemocracy3.IndustrialRevolution:thebirthoftheproletariat;thepovertyandmercilessexploitationoftheworkingclass;theintensecontradictionsbetweentheworking-classpeopleandthecapitalists;spontaneousmovementoftheLuddites4.Domesticmovements:upsurgeofdemocraticmovementsamongthepopularmassestodemandforpoliticalreformandfightagainsttheEnglishrulingclassfortheirreactionarymeasuresofsuppressingtheFrenchRevolutionanddemocraticmovements;“PeterlooMassacre”in1819;shakingthefoundationofaristocraticruleinEngland.III.CharacteristicsofRomanticism:1.Glorificationofhumanemotionsandintuition;reactionagainstlogicandreason(againstneo-classicismandEnlightenment)2.Venerationofthebeautyofnature(thenaturalworldasasourceofgoodness);3.Appealingtoimagination;senseofexoticismandthesupernatural;4.CriticismofIndustrial/modernsocietyasasourceofcorruption;anti-science(againstIndustrialRevolution);5.Celebrationofsimplelivingandrurallife;6.Dissatisfactionwiththedevelopmentofcapitalismandbourgeoissociety;escapefromtheprosaic,sordiddailylife(the“prisonoftheactual”);7.Advocatingsimplelanguage,spontaneouswriting,singularityofstyleandpreferencetopoeticwritings.IV.TwoSchoolsofRomanticistPoetsinEngland1.PassiveRomanticists(theelder/escapistgroup;theLakepoets):WilliamWordsworth(1770–1850);SamuelTaylorColeridge(1772-1834);RobertSouthey(1774-1843)2.ActiveRomanticists:PercyByssheShelley(1792-1822);GeorgeGordonByron(1788–1824);JohnKeats(1795-1821)V.RepresentativeWriters:1.WilliamWordsworth(1770-1850):PoetLaureate(1843-1850)Works(1)Onnature:“ToaSkylark”,“IWanderedLonelyasaCloud”;“LinesComposedaFewMilesAboveTinternAbbey”(lyricalhymnofthankstonature)(2)Oncommonpeople:“TheSolitaryReaper”;Lucypoems(3)Onchildren:“WeareSeven”(4)LyricalBallads:representativeworkFeatures:(1)simplicityandpurityoflanguage(2)patheticpicturesofthelabouringpeople(3)thethemeofharmonybetweenhumanityandnatureAchievements(1)oneofthelargestandmostdistinguishedbodiesofwordsproducedbyanyEnglishpoet(2)agreatEnglishpoetandoriginalthinkerwhosestylisticandthematicinnovationshavehadlastinginfluenceonlaterliterature(3)founderofthenewtraditionofromanticismtoreplaceneoclassicism2.SamuelT.Coleridge(1772-1834)Works(1)TheRimeoftheAncientMariner;KublaKhan;Christabel(2)proseworkBiographiaLiteraria(themostsignificantworkofgeneralliterarycriticismoftheRomanticperiod)Features(1)ameticulouscraftsmanmorerigorousinhiscarefulreworkingofhispoemsthananyotherpoet(2)colorfulimageries,subtlelanguage&delightfulverseandrhyme(purepoetry)(3)useofcommon,everydaylanguagetoexpressprofoundpoeticimagesandideas(4)thecombinationofthenatural&thesupernatural,theordinary&theextraordinary(5)theadoptionofGothicelementsAchievements(1)amajorinfluence,viaEmerson,onAmericantranscendentalism(2)theoriginalityandbeautyofhisbestpoetryandhisenormousinfluenceontheintellectualandaestheticlifeofhistime(3)hispsychologyoftheimagination,conceptionofthesymbol&definitionoforganicforminartbroughtthenew,romanticpsychologyandaestheticsofliterature3.RobertSouthey(1774-1843):PoetLaureate(1813-1843)Achievements:(1)amongthefirsttointroducethevampirethemeintoEnglishliterature(2)developmentofGothictheme4.PersseByssheShelley(1792-1822)Works:(1)Lyricpoems:Ozymandias,OdetotheWestWind,ToaSkylark,(2)Longpoems:QueenMab,TheRevoltofIslam,TheCenci,PrometheusUnbound,TheMasqueofAnarchy(3)Theoryofpoetry:ADefenceofPoetry(defenceonthesocialeducationalroleofpoetry;Features:(1)glorifyingoffreedom,exposingtyranny&expressingsympathyfortheoppressed(2)passionateloveofnatureasanexpressionofeageraspirationforsomethingfreefromthecareandmiseryofreallife(3)Hisverseisatoncedeeplypolitical,sensuous,andpassionate.(4)stressonmoral/educationalinfluenceofpoetry(5)lyricpoemssuperbinbeauty,grandeurandmasteryoflanguageAchievementsShelleylovedthepeopleandhatedtheiroppressorsandexploiters.Hecalledonthepeopletooverthrowtheruleoftyrannyandinjusticeandprophesiedahappyandfreefutureformankind.Heremainedinthissocialandpoliticalidealandfoughtforitallhislife.HeandByronarejustifiablyregardedastwogreatpoetsofrevolutionaryromanticisminEngland.5.GeorgeGordonByron(1788-1824)Works:shortpoems;narrativepoems;poeticaldrama;politicalpoemsHoursofIdlene