化学与化工专业英语2-化学基础知识

化学基础知识三.参考书1.化学信息学教程，Gasteiger,JandEngel,T编著（德文）（梁逸曾，徐峻，姚建华等译），化工出版社，2005年2.化学专业英语，马永祥等编，兰大出版社，1997年3.化学信息学，邵学广和蔡文生编科学出版社，2002年Part1PhysicalPropertiesPart2ChemicalEquationsPart3ChemicalCalculationPart4NomenclatureOfInorganicChemicalsPart5NomenclatureOfOrganicChemicalsPart1PhysicalProperties物理性质1）Colour〖颜色〗colourlessred-brownviolet-blackpurple-blackpaleyellowdarkbrown2）statesolidliquidgasgaseousoilycrystallineuncrystallinemoltenfused3）smellodourlesspungentpenetratingchokingoffensivesoursweetbitter4）solubilitysolubleinsolubleslightlysolubleverysoluble5）observationsbriskeffervescenceprecipitatemilkyaqueoussolution6）densityheavylightlessdensedensergreatlydenserslightlydenseraboutthesamedense7）hardnesshardsoftductilemalleable8）toxicitytoxicpoisonous9）meltingpointboilingpointHighlow10）conductivityelectronicconductivitythermalconductivityconductorsemiconductorinsulatorExercise试用英语描述氧气、氮气和金属铁的物理性质。disproportionationneutralization;hydrolysisexothermicreactionendothermicreactionreversiblereactionforwardreactionreversereactionspontaneousreactionnonspontaneousreaction1.反应名称：化学方程式Part2ChemicalEquations2、反应条件heat;burnignite/ignitionelectrolyze/electrolysisunder/atambient/roomtemperatureunderstandardpressurewith/intheprescenceofcatalyst3、读法3.1Nitrogenreactswithhydrogentoformammoniaathightemperatureandpressurewiththepresenceofacatalyst.N2+3H2↔2NH3高温、高压催化剂1molnitrogenreactswith3molhydrogentoform2molammoniaathightemperatureandpressurewiththepresenceofacatalyst.3.2Nitrogencombineswithhydrogentoformammoniaathightemperatureandpressurewiththepresenceofacatalyst.Ammoniadecomposestonitrogenandhydrogenathightemperatureandpressurewiththepresenceofacatalyst.3.3Reactionbetweennitrogenandhydrogenathightemperatureandpressurewiththepresenceofacatalystgivesammonia.Athightemperatureandpressure,reactionofnitrogenwithhydrogeninthepresenceofacatalysttakesplace.ZinctreatedwithhydrochloricacidformshydrogenandzincchlorideZn+2HCl=ZnCl2+H2↑3.4CalciumcarbonatewhenheatedproducescalciumoxideandcarbondioxideCalciumcarbonateisheatedtoyieldcalciumoxideandcarbondioxideCalciumcarbonatedecomposestocalciumoxideandcarbondioxidewhenitisheated3.1化学术语atomicmass/weight；molecularweightamount(ofsubstance)；molenumberofmoles；molarmassmolarvolume；concentrationmolarity；excessagentlimitingagent；reactantproduct；yieldPart3ChemicalCalculation（化学计算）3.2数学术语：＋－×÷运算名称additionsubstractionmulplicationdivision动词读法addsubstract(ed)·frommultiply(ied)·bydivide(d)·by介词读法plusminustimesover运算结果sumdifferenceproductquotient0.001o/zeropointooone2/3twothirds＝equals/isequalto≈isapproximatelyequalto＜lessthan＞greaterthanx2xsquaredx3xcubedx-10xtotheminustenthpower100oconehundreddegreescentigrade5%fivepercent(bymass,volume)（）roundbrackets/parentheses[]square/angularbrackets{}bracesExercise试用英语描述下面化学反应？H2和O2在点燃的条件下生成H2O。CaCO3在加热条件下分解。Cu在O2中氧化。Chapter4.NomenclatureofcompoundsSectionI.InorganiccompoundsNameSymbolNo.汉语名ActiniumAc89锕Aluminum*Al13铝AmericiumAm95嵋Antimony*Sb51锑Argon*Ar18氩Arsenic*As33砷Astatine*At85砹Barium*Ba56钡BerkeliumBk97锫Beryllium*Be4铍Bismuth*Bi83铋Boron*B5硼Bromine*Br35溴Cadmium*Cd48镉Calcium*Ca20钙CaliforniumCf98锎Carbon*C6碳CeriumCe58铈Cesium*Cs55铯一.NAMEOFTHEELEMENTSChlorine*Cl17氯Chromium*Cr24铬Cobalt*Co27钴Copper*Cu29铜CuriumCm96锔DysprosiumDy66镝EinsteiniumEs99锿ErbiumEr68铒EuropiumEu63铕FermiumFm100镄Fluorine*F9氟FranciumFr87钫GadoliniumGd64钆Gallium*Ga31镓Germanium*Ge32锗Gold*Au79金HafniumHf72铪Helium*He2氦HolmiumHo67钬Hydrogen*H1氢Indium*In49铟Iodine*I53碘IridiumIr77铱Iron*Fe26铁Krypton*Kr36氪LanthanumLa57镧LawrenciumLr103铹Lead*Pb82铅Lithium*Li8锂LutetiumLu71镥Magnesium*Mg12镁Manganese*Mn25锰MendeleviumMd101钔Mercury*Hg80汞Molybdenum*Mo42钼NeodymiumNd60钕Neon*Ne10氖NeptuniumNp93镎Nickel*Ni28镍Niobium*Nb41铌Nitrogen*N7氮NobeliumNo102锘Osmium*Os76锇Oxygen*O8氧Palladium*Pd46钯Phosphorus*P15磷Platinum*Pt78铂PlutoniumPu94钚PoloniumPo84钋Potassium*K19钾PraseodymiumPr59镨PromethiumPm61钜ProtactiniumPa91镤Radium*Ra88镭Radon*Rn86氡Rhenium*Re75铼Rhodium*Rh45铑Rubidium*Rb37铷Ruthenium*Ru44钌SamariumSm62钐ScandiumSc21钪Selenium*Se34硒Silicon*Si14硅Silver*Ag47银Sodium*Na11钠Strontium*Sr38锶Sulfur*S16硫Tantalum*Ta73钽Technetium*Tc43锝Tellurium*Te52碲Terbium*Tb65铽Thallium*Tl81铊ThoriumTh90钍ThuliumTm69铥Tin*Sn50锡Titanium*Ti22钛Tungsten*W74钨UraniumU92铀Vanadium*V23钒Xenon*Xe54氙YtterbiumYb70镱Yttrium*Y39钇Zinc*Zn30锌Zirconium*Zr40锆S-blockElementIAHHydrogenLiLithiumNaSodiumKPotassiumRbRubidiumCsCesiumFrFranciumIIABeBerylliumMgMagnesiumCaCalciumSrStrontiumBaBariumRaRadiumIIIAIVAVABBoronCCarbonNNitrogenAlAluminiumSiSiliconPPhosphorusGaGalliumGeGermaniumAsArsenicInIndiumSnTinSbAntimonyTlThalliumPbLeadBiBismuthP-blockElement(I)VIAVIIA0HeHeliumOOxygenFFluorineNeNeonSSulfurClChlorineArArgonSeSeleniumBrBromineKrKryptonTeTelluriumIIodineXeXenonPoPoloniumAtAstatineRnRadonP-blockElement(II)CommonTransitionElememtTi:titaniumSc:scandiumV:vanadiumCr:chromiumMn:manganeseFe:ironCo:cobaltNi:nickelCu:copperZn:zincHg:mercuryAg:silverAu:goldPd:PalladiumPt:platinumW:tungsten固态液态气态人造元素1H元素周期表2He3Li4Be5B6C7N8O9F10Ne11Na12Mg13Al14Si15P16S17Cl18A