爱伦坡_乌鸦_Edgar_Allen_Poe_and_The_Raven

EdgarAllenPoe坡(1809—1849)ImportantPoints•1.IntroductiontoPoe•2.Poe’sliterarycharacteristics•3.TheRavenIntroductionamiserablechildhoodwasadoptedbyJohnAllananunhappyrelationshipenteredtheUniversitybutdidn’tfinishwenttoWestPointbutwasdismissedat27hemarriedhis13-year-oldcousinherdeathin1847lefthimabittererlifediedinmysteriouscircumstances,in1849Genres•Poe'sbestknownfictionworksareGothic,agenrehefollowedtoappeasethepublictaste.•Hismostrecurringthemesdealwithquestionsofdeath,includingitsphysicalsigns,theeffectsofdecomposition,concernsofprematureburial,thereanimationofthedead,andmourning.•Manyofhisworksaregenerallyconsideredpartofthedarkromanticismgenre,aliteraryreactiontotranscendentalism,whichPoestronglydisliked.•Poewrotemuchofhisworkusingthemesaimedspecificallyatmass-markettastes.Tothatend,hisfictionoftenincludedelementsofpopularpseudosciencessuchasphrenology(颅相学)andphysiognomy(人相学)Themes1.death–predominanttheme2.horror“Poeisnotinterestedinanythingalive.EverythinginPoe’swritingsisdead.”3.negativethoughtsofscience•Literaryoutput:someseventyshortstoriesandadozenpoems•A:Poems•B:Shortstories•C:literarytheory•D:onefull-lengthnovel:TheNarrativeofArthurGordonPym(1838)《亚瑟.戈登.皮姆的故事》agreatwriteroffiction,apoetofthefirstrank,andacriticofinsightPoe’sMajorWorksPoe’sMajorLiteraryWorks1)“TheRaven”《乌鸦》poems2)“AnnableLee”《安娜贝尔·李》3)“TheSleeper”《睡梦人》4)“ADreamWithinaDream”《梦中梦》5)“Sonnet—ToScience”《十四行诗—致科学》6)“ToHelen”《致海伦》7)“TheCityintheSea”《海中的城市》earlierentitledTheDoomedCity《衰败的城市》TalesoftheGrotesqueandArabesque«述异集»acollectionofshortstoriestalestwokindsHorrorRatiocination（推理）“TheMurdersintheRueMorgue”《莫格街谋杀案》“TheGoldBug”《金甲虫》“TheBlackCat”《黑猫》“TheCaskofAmontillado”（红色死亡假面舞会）“Ligeia”《莉盖亚》“TheFalloftheHouseofUsher”“ThePurloinedLetter”《被窃的信件》“TheMysteryofMarieRoget”《玛丽罗杰谜案》works•ThePhilosophyofComposition《创作原理》•ThePoeticPrinciple《诗歌原则》LiterarytheoryPoe’sachievement1.Hisaesthetics,hiscallfortherhythmicalcreationofbeautyhaveinfluencedFrenchsymbolistsandthedevoteesofartforart'ssake.2.Heisthefatherofpsychoanalyticcriticism(abnormalpsychology).3.Heisthefatherofthedetectivestory.IntroductionShaw’sevaluationofPoe'sachievementacritic,apoet，ashortstorywriterthegreatestjournalisticcriticofhistimehispoetryis“exquisitelyrefined“(精致优雅)histalesarecompleteworksofartTheRaven(1845)LeftbyGustaveDoréRightbyJohnTennielBackgroundsofTheRavenVirginia,Poe’swife,diedoftuberculosisatonly24.PoewrotethispoemduringherillnessofTBwhenhefeltshewoulddiesomedaybecauseTBwasaincurablediseaseatthattime.•ProfessorDavidReinconsideredthebeautifulSarahElmiraRoyster,Poe’sneighbor,wastheprototypeoftheLenore.TheylovedeachotherwhenPoewasyoung,butSarah’sfatheropposedthem,sotheywerepitifullytakenapart.Andthat’sthelostbeauty.Maybeit’sthereasonwhyPoeghastlyscaredhisfriendsorwecansayhiswifewouldleave.KeypointsofTheRaven•IttookPoefouryearstocompletethispoem.Itwasfirstpublishedin1845andrevisedseveraltimesinlatereditions.•Poecitedthispoemasanexamplein“ThePhilosophyofComposition”toshowhowapoemshouldbecomposed.ThispoemcorrespondstoPoe’sbasicprinciplesofpoetrywriting.•Itisanelegy,expressingthesorroworgriefoversomebody’ssuddendeath.Poe’stheoryforpoetrypoemsshortbutachievemaximumeffectproduceafeelingofbeautyinthereaderpure“,nottomoralizeHestressesrhythminsistsonanevenmetricalflow真实能够满足人的理智,感情能够满足人的心灵,而美则能激动人的灵魂Poe’saesthetics•1.Aestheticwritings:•ThePhilosophyofComposition/ThePoeticPrinciple•2.Aestheticideas:•A.Brevity:thepoemshouldbeshort,readableatonesitting•B.Beauty:thechiefaimisbeauty,namelytoproduceafeelingofbeautyinthemindsofthereader•Themelancholyisthemostlegitimateofallpoetictones;thedeathofabeautifulwomanisthemostpoetictopicintheworld.•C.Purity:Poeisopposedtotheheresyofthedidacticandcalledforpurepoetry.•Besides,hestressesrhythm,definestruepoetryas“therhythmicalcreationofbeauty”anddeclaresthat“musicistheperfectionofthesoul,orideas,ofpoetry.”•在《创作的哲学》（ThePhilosophyofComposition）一文中，爱伦·坡曾这样谈到《乌鸦》的创作：“……我问自己：‘依照人类的共识，在所有悲郁的主题中，什么最为悲郁？’答案显而易见——死亡。于是我又问：‘那么这个悲郁的主题在什么时候最富有诗意？’……这答案又是一清二楚——‘当其与美结合得最紧密的时候；所以美女之死无疑是天下最富诗意的主题，而且同样不可置疑的是，最适合讲述这个主题的人就是一个痛失佳人的多情男子。’”Topicofthepoemdeath:thedeathofabeautifulwomanisunquestionably,themostpoeticintheworld→asenseofmelancholyoverthedeathofabelovedbeautifulyoungwomanmelancholic,sorrowful,evendesperate---Therepetitionoftheword“Nevermore”increasesthespeaker’sfeelingsofpainandloss.---Thispatternofself-inflictedtorturebuildsinintensityuntilthespeakerbreaksdownemotionallyanddemandsthattheraven“Takethybeakfromoutmyheart,andtakethyformfromoffmydoor”.MoodofthepersonalSoundIttakesPoe4yearstocomplete“TheRaven”→amarvelofregularity•Thepoemiscomposedof18six-linestanzas,thefirstfivelinesbeingtrochaicoctameter,andthesixthlineatrochaictetrameter.•Rhymescheme:abcbbbInternalrhyme(dreary,weary;remember,December)Alliteration(flirt,flutter;stately,saintly…)Assonance(dreary,weary;napping,tapping,rapping;morrow,borrow,sorrow,withthesound“o”toshowone’ssad,sorrowandgriefmood;…)Soundandrhythmmakethepoemmusicalandmelodious.Theycontributealottothemoodandthethemeofthewriting