APA_论文写作格式简要说明

APAFormattingandStyleGuideWhatisAPA?APA(AmericanPsychologicalAssociation)ThemostcommonlyusedformatformanuscriptsintheSocialSciences.WhatdoesAPAregulate?APAregulates:StyleIn-textcitationsReferences(alistofallsourcesusedinthepaper)APAstylistics:BasicsthethirdpersonpointofviewratherthanusingthefirstpersonpointofviewThestudyshowedthat…,NOTIfoundoutthat….theactivevoiceratherthanpassivevoiceTheparticipantsresponded…,NOTTheparticipantshavebeenasked….Use:PointofviewandvoiceinanAPApaperclear:bespecificindescriptionsandexplanationsconcise:condenseinformationwhenyoucanplain:usesimple,descriptiveadjectivesandminimizethefigurativelanguageLanguageinanAPApaperis:APAstylistics:LanguageGeneralFormatbetyped,double-spacedonstandard-sizedpaper(8.5”x11”)with1”marginsonallsidesin12pt.TimesNewRomanincludeapageheader(titlelessthan50characters)intheupperleft-handofeverypageandapagenumberintheupperright-handsideofeverypageYouressayshould:ReferencesMainBodyAbstractGeneralFormat(cont’d)TitlepageYouressayshouldincludefourmajorsections:TitlePagePageheader:(useInsertPageHeader)titleflushleft+pagenumberflushright.Title:(intheupperhalfofthepage,centered)name(notitleordegree)+affiliation(university,etc.)Note:ForthisclasswewillalsoincludeStudentNumber.AbstractPagePageheader:doNOTinclude“Runninghead:”Abstract(centered,atthetopofthepage)Writeabrief(between150and250words)summaryofyourpaperinanaccurate,concise,andspecificmanner.Shouldcontain:background,purpose,methods,results,andmostimportantconclusions.Mayalsoincludepossibleimplicationsofyourresearchandfutureworkyouseeconnectedwithyourfindings.MainBody(Text)Thefirsttextpageispagenumber3Typethetitleofthepapercentered,atthetopofthepageIdentifythesourcesyouuseinthepaperinparentheticalin-textcitationsFormattablesandfiguresReferencesPageCenterthetitle–References--atthetopofthepageDouble-spacereferenceentriesFlushleftthefirstlineoftheentryandindentsubsequentlinesOrderentriesalphabeticallybytheauthor’ssurnamesReferences:BasicsInvertauthors’names(lastnamefirstfollowedbyinitials).Alphabetizereferencelistentriesthelastnameofthefirstauthorofeachwork.Capitalizeonlythefirstletterofthefirstwordofatitleandsubtitle,thefirstwordafteracolonoradashinthetitle,andpropernouns.Donotcapitalizethefirstletterofthesecondwordinahyphenatedcompoundword.References:Basics(cont’d)Capitalizeallmajorwordsinjournaltitles.Italicizetitlesoflongerworkssuchasbooksandjournals.Donotitalicize,underline,orputquotesaroundthetitlesofshorterworkssuchasjournalarticles.In-textCitations:Formatforasummaryorparaphraseprovidetheauthor’slastnameandtheyearofpublicationinparenthesisafterasummaryoraparaphrase:Thoughfeministstudiesfocussolelyonwomen'sexperiences,theyerrbycollectivelyperpetuatingthemasculine-centeredimpressions(Fussell,1975).Thereareseveralformatsforasummaryorparaphrase:In-textCitations:Formatforasummaryorparaphraseincludetheauthor’snameinasignalphrasefollowedbytheyearofpublicationinparenthesis:Recently,thehistoryofwarfarehasbeensignificantlyrevisedbyHigonnetetal.(1987),Marcus(1989),andRaittandTate(1997)toincludewomen’spersonalandculturalresponsestobattleanditsresultanttraumaticeffects.Formatsforasummaryorparaphrase(cont’d):In-textCitations:TwoormoreworksWhentheparentheticalcitationincludestwoormoreworks,ordertheminthesamewaytheyappearinthereferencelist—theauthor’sname,theyearofpublication—separatedbyasemi-colon:(Kachru,2005;Smith,2008)In-textCitations:AworkwithtwoauthorsWhencitingaworkwithtwoauthors,use“and”inbetweenauthors’nameinthesignalphraseyet“&”betweentheirnamesinparenthesis:AccordingtofeministresearchersRaittandTate(1997),“Itisnolongertruetoclaimthatwomen'sresponsestothewarhavebeenignored.”Somefeministsresearchersquestionthat“women'sresponsestothewarhavebeenignored”(Raitt&Tate,1997).In-textCitations:Aworkwith3to5authorsWhencitingaworkwiththreetofiveauthors,identifyallauthorsinthesignalphraseorinparenthesis:(Harklau,Siegal,&Losey,1999)Insubsequentcitations,onlyusethefirstauthor'slastnamefollowedbyetal.inthesignalphraseorinparentheses:(Harklauetal.,1993)In-textCitations:aworkwith6andmoreauthorsWhencitingaworkwithsixandmoreauthors,identifythefirstauthor’snamefollowedby“etal.”:Smithetal.(2006)maintainedthat….(Smithetal.,2006).In-textCitations:Thesamelastname/thesameauthorWhencitingauthorswiththesamelastnames,usefirstinitialswiththelastnames:(B.Kachru,2005;Y.Kachru,2008)Whencitingtwoormoreworksbythesameauthorpublishedinthesameyear,uselower-caseletters(a,b,c)withtheyearofpublicationtoorderthereferences:Smith’s(1998a)studyofadolescentimmigrants…In-textCitations:Thesamelastname/thesameauthorWhencitingmultiplesourceswithmultipleauthors:(Smith&Jones,2005;Young,2008)In-textcitationsNoAuthorIfthecitedmaterialhasnoauthoruse2–3wordsfromthetitle.(ClimateandWeather,1997)In-textCitations:Thesamelastname/thesameauthorForBlockQuotationsrefertoChapter6ofAPAManualForstructurequestions,suchasheadingsandsubheadings,refertoChapter2ofAPAManualNotethatthereareexamplesofresearchpapersusingproperstructureonpage40ofA