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15代词一、问:本考点的命题思路是什么?答:代词是每年必考,贯穿于各个试题类型的一个基本知识点;考纲要求在广泛掌握代词基础知识的前提下,强调在具体语境中理解和使用代词;代词考查的重点是不定代词及it的用法。例1:(08湖南卷)Ournerghborsgave_____ababybirdyesterdaythathurt______whenitfellfromitsnest.A.us,itB.us,itselfC.ourselves,itselfD.ourselves,it【答案】B。【题源探究】这是一道综合性的考题,考查人称代词和反身代词的用法。【广角思维】第一空为人称代词的宾格形式做宾语;第二空的意思是说伤了自己的那只小鸟用反身代词做宾语。【易误警示】对是用人称代词的宾格形式做宾语还是用反身代词做宾语这一区别分不清是这类试题出错的主要原因。【悟彻高考】人称代词作主语一般用主格形式,做宾语用宾格形式,作表语用主格形式,做定语用所有格形式。反身代词一般做表语、同位语和宾语,作宾语的前提是宾语和主语一致。如:I\'mnotquitemyselftoday.我今天不大舒服。/Makeyourselfathome.不要拘礼;请随便吧。/Don\'tgetnervous,helpyourselftowhatyoulike.别紧张,喜欢吃什么就吃什么。/Haveyouenjoyedyourselftoday?你今天玩得愉快吗?注意:1.人称代词用作表语时,如说明主语,一般要用主格,如说明宾语则要用宾格。IfIwereshe,Iwouldtakeyouradvice.Iwouldsharetheroomwithyouifyouwerehim.2..在简单的答语中多用宾格形式替代主格形式。Whowillgooutforawalkwithme?Me.---Whoisit?---It’sme.【同类预测】高考对人称代词和反身代词的考查集中在它们在句中作用的考查,特别是独特用法份的考查。(1)---Iloveyoumorethanher,child.--Youmeanmorethan___loveherormorethansheloves____?A.you;meB.I;youC.you;youD.I;me答案:A解析:Iloveyoumorethanher有两种理解Iloveyoumorethanher=IloveyoumorethanyouloveherIloveyoumorethanher=Iloveyoumorethanshelovesyou.(2)Whocanyouturntointimeofdanger,ifnot.A.anyB.usC.weD.ours答案:B解析:turntosb.表示“向……请求帮助”。从句是个省略句。Ifnotus即ifyoudon’tturntous.例2:(08辽宁卷)—CouldyoutellmehowtogettoVictoriaStreet?—VictoriaStreet?______iswheretheGrandTheatreis.15A.SuchB.ThereC.ThatD.This【答案】C。【题源探究】考查指示代词的指代用法。【广角思维】通过对话语境我们可以知道VictoriaStreet是距离对话人比较远的事物,所以用that来表示远指。【易误警示】受选项的设置的迷惑作用不能明白该题的设计目的,有的学生以为该题是考查therebe句型的。【悟彻高考】this,that,thesethose均是指示代词有以下的使用规律:1.在句子中作主语、宾语、表语和定语。2.this(these)一般指时间和空间上较近的人或物,而that(those)常指时间和空间上较远的人或物。e.g.Thisisanovelandthatisamagazine.3.this(these)一般指后面要讲到的事物,而that(those)常指前面讲到的事物。e.g.Whathetoldmeisthis:hewantedtogotoBeijing./Hedidn\'tcome.Thatiswhyhedidn\'tknow.4.that,those常用来指代前面提到过的某个名词。e.g.Theoiloutputin1998washigherthanthatof1995.(that代替oiloutput)/ThecarsmadeinJapanarebetterthanthoseinGermany.【同类预测】指示代词的用法在试题设计中常和其他的代替词同时出现,这样就增加了试题的难度。----Howaboutthepriceoftheserefrigerators?----Theyareequalinpriceto,ifnotcheaperthan,_____attheotherstores.A.othersB.itC.thatD.theones答案:D解析:one可指代指代前面的同类事物中的一个,表示泛指,one前面如有形容词修饰,之前还可以加上不定冠词a,也表示泛指,但one前面加上the可以表示特指,theone复数形式是theones,相当于those,本题中就是这种现象,本句意思是“在价格上,它们就算不比别的商店里的冰箱便宜,也不会更贵”。例3:(08四川卷)Themanagerbelievespriceswillnotrisebymorethan_____fourpercent.A.anyotherB.theotherC.anotherD.other【答案】C。【题源探究】这是一道单一性试题,考查另外几个人或事物的表示方法。【广角思维】该题表示“另外的4个百分点”,正确的表示方法是anotherfourpercent。【易误警示】对other,another,more等相关的用法不清楚,是这种题出错的主要原因。【悟彻高考】另外几个人或事物的表示方法有以下几种:Another+数词+n如anotherfivedesks数词+other+n如:fiveotherdesks数词+more+n如:fivemoredesks【同类预测】另外几个人或事物的表示方法是高考考查代词用法时的一个命题重点。Ifyouwanttochangeforadoubleroomyou\'llhavetopay_______$15.A.anotherB.otherC.moreD.each答案:A解析:考查另外几个人或事物的表示方法。另外15美元可以表示为:another15dollars=15other/moredollars15二、问:命题热点有哪些?答:①人称代词主格和宾格的基本用法。②名词性物主代词和形容词性物主代词的用法。③疑问代词的用法、不定代词的用法。④反身代词以及由反身代词构成的短语的用法。⑤it,that,one和those作替代词的用法。例1:(2007山东卷)_____________worriesmethewayhekeepschanginghismind.A.ThisB.ThatC.WhatD.It【答案】B。【题源探究】这是一道综合性的考题,考查it充当形式主语这一知识点。【广角思维】句意:他总是改变主意,这一做法很令我担忧。句中It充当形式主语,真正的主语是theway,其后又有定语从句hekeepschanginghismind修饰。【易误警示】了解it在主语从句中的应用,充当形式主语。【悟彻高考】It用作形式主语替代作主语的从句、动词不定式、动名词,而把真正作主语的从句、动词不定式、动名词置于句尾。It作形式主语的常见句型:1.代作主语的动词不定式,其句型为(1)Itbeadj.(forsb.)todosth.此处adj.通常为描述事件的形容词:easy,difficult,hard,necessary,unnecessary,possible,impossible,likely,unlikely,right,wrong,important,unimportant,legal,illegal,well-mannered,ill-mannered,polite,impolite,clear,obvious,certain,suitable,proper,fit,useful,useless,dangerous…例Itisillegal(forateenager)todriveacarwithoutalicense.(2)Itbeadj.ofsb.todosth.此处adj.通常为描述人的形容词:kind,unkind,nice,rude,cruel,considerate,thoughtful,thoughtless,careful,careless,silly,foolish,stupid,clever,wise,crazy.例It'skindofyoutohelpmewiththeproblem.(3)It替代作主语的动名词的常见句型It'snogood/usedoing…It's(well)worthdoing…It's(well)worthone'swhiledoing/todo…It's(well)worthwhiledoing/todo例It'snousecryingoverspiltmilk.2.It替代作主语的从句常见句型(1)Itis+noun+从句例Itisnosecretthatthepresidentwantstohaveasecondtermatoffice.(2)Itisadj.+clauseIt'ssurprisingthat…(should)………竟然……It'sapity/shamethat…(should)………竟然……例It'simportantthatyoushouldapologizetoherforyourrudeness.(=It'sofmuchimportancethatyoushouldapologizetoherforyourrudeness.)(3)Itverbsb.+clause=Itisv-ing+clauseIt+surprise/delight/interest/disappoint/worry/disturb/annoy/amaze/bother/concern/frighten/please/angersb.that…15例Itworriedmethatshedrovesofast.(=Itwasworryingthatshedrovesofast.)(4)Itverb(tosb.)that…=sb/sthverbtodo(verb=appear,seem,comeabout,emerge,follow,chance,happen,occur,transpire,turnout,workout)例It(so)happened/chancedthattheywereout.(=Theyhappened/chancedtobeout.)(5)Itisv-edthat…=sb/sthistodo(verb=say,report,think,believe,hope,expect,agree,accept,decide,determine,intend,plan,understand,know)例Itissaidthatthecouplehavegottendivorced.(=Thecouplearesaidtohavegottendivorced.)(6)Itisv-edthat…(should)…(verb=demand,request,require,order,suggest,advise,recommend例Itissuggestedthattheyshouldbeginwiththethirdquestion.【同类预测】it作形式主语的用法在命题时变化多端,设计灵活应该引起我们的重视。(1).isnoneedtomakeadecis
本文标题:问本考点的命题思路是什么
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