必修一module6grammar语法-合成词

Module6Grammarp.54(2)hardware,hardboard,harddiskKeyboard,keywordwebsite,webbrowser,webtrafficnetworknotebook,notepad(记事本)softwareREVIEW:GRAMMAR1–COMPOUNDWORDSCompoundwords合成词：通过合成方式构成的新词，这类词叫做合成词。合成词主要分类合成名词n.keyboardclassroom合成形容词adj.goodlookingparttime合成副词adv.howeverMaybe合成代词pron.himselfeveryone合成动词v.typewriteunderlinekeyboard键盘typewrite打字however然而classroom教室maybe也许himself他自己everyone每个人part-time兼职的good-looking好看的underline在下面划线合成名词常见的构词方法如下：1)n.+n.penfriend,classroom,newspaper,water-bottle2)adj.+n.greenhouse,blackboard,highway,long-jump3)v-ing+nwaiting-room,swimmingpool,washingmachine,diningroom,writingdesk,sleepingpills4)v.+n.pick-pocket,speakbox5)n.+v-inghand-writing,sun-bathing6)v.+adv.warm-up,make-up(捏造),break-in(闯入,非法进入),get-together(联欢会)7)adv.+n.overcoat(外套),by-stander,outbreak8)其他go-between,touch-me-not(风仙花),forget-me-not,good-for-nothing(无用的人,废物)复合形容词的常见构成方法如下:1)adj.+n.+edcold-blooded(冷漠,无情的),warm-hearted,short-sighted,old-fashioned(老式的,过时的)2)adj.+v-inggood-looking,easy-going,long-lasting(耐用的)3)adv+v-inghard-working,well-meaning(善意的,好心的),far-reaching(深远的,广大的)4)n.+v-ingEnglish-speaking,peace-loving,heart-breaking(使心碎的)5)number+n-edaone-eyedcamel,athree-leggeddesk6)number+n+adj.aten-year-oldboy,a100-meter-longbridge7)adj.+n.high-class（高级的）,large-scale（大规模的）9)adv.+v-edwell-known,wide-spread10)adj.+v-edwarm-hearted,ready-made(现成的,做好的)11)n.+adj.self-satisfied(自满的),duty-free(免税的)注:在合成词中，有的连写，有的分开写，有的用连字符，一般没有明确的规定，而只有习惯的写法。8)n.+v-edman-made,state-owned(州立的),heart-felt(衷心的),heartbroken(悲伤的)定冠词与零冠词定冠词the的用法1.特指某(些)人或某(些)事物Thebookonthedeskismine.Sheisthegirlwhowontheprize.2.指上文已出现过或者说话者刚才谈及的人或事物Anoldmanlivedinasmallhousenearaforest.Onedaytheoldmanleftthehouseandwentintotheforesttogatherwood.3.表示世界上独一无二的事物Thesunisbiggerthanthemoon.4.用于单数可数名词或形容词前,表示一类人或事物的整体.Takecareofthewoundedandthedying.(救死扶伤)5.可以和某些集合名词连用,表示整个民族、阶级、阶层等TheEnglishhaveawonderfulsenseofhumor.TheChinesepeoplearethegreatestintheworld.6.船只,旅馆,剧院,建筑以及某些著作,乐曲,报刊等的名词前常加定冠词ThePeople'sDailyisreadthroughoutthewholenation.7.用于讲,河,海洋,山脉,群岛,海峡,海湾等专有名称前theYellowRiver,theEnglishchannel,theTaiwanStraits,theIndianOcean,thePhilippines8.用于姓的复数前,指全家或全家一些人theZhangs,theSmiths,theWhites.9.由普通名词构成的专有名词(某些国名,政治组织,机构,学校,建筑,报刊杂志等)很多要加定冠词.1)某些国名及政治组织名称theUnitedStates,theUnitedNations,theHouseofCommons2)某些学校、机构及建筑等名称：theBritishMuseum,theMidlandBank3)某些报刊杂志的名称theNewTimes,theWashingtonPost,theDailyNews零冠词的用法1.一些专有名词前如国名,人名前通常不用定冠词:England,Mary,China2.泛指的复数名词，表示一类人或事物时，可不用定冠词Womenlivelongerthanmeninmostcountries.Theyareteachers.3.抽象名词表示一般概念时，通常不加冠词Failureisthemotherofsuccess.失败乃成功之母。Lifeisshort,artislong.生命短暂,而艺术长存.4.物质名词表示一般概念时，通常不加冠词，当表示特定的意思时，需要加定冠词；Mancannotlivewithoutwater.人离开水就无法生存。5.在季节、月份、节日、假日、日期、星期等表示时间的名词之前，不加冠词；WegotoschoolfromMondaytoFriday.我们从星期一到星期五都上课。LeavesturnyellowinAutumn.6.在称呼,身份,职业,或表示官衔,职位的名词前不加冠词；TheguardstooktheAmericantoGeneralLee.Youcan’tmixoilwithwater.你不要把油和水混合.Nowheismanagerofabank.7.在三餐、球类运动和娱乐运动的名称前，不加冠词Whatwouldyoulikeforbreakfast,sir?8.当by与火车,轮船,飞机等交通工具连用，表示一种方式时，中间无冠词；bybus，bytrain9.有些抽象化的个体名词前一般不用冠词；如：school,college,prison,sea,market,hospital,bed,table,class,town,church,court,work,university等个体名词，直接置于介词后，表示该名词的深层含义gotohospital去医院看病gotothehospital去医院(并不是去看病，而是有其他目的)Hehasbeeninprisonforfiveyears.10.在daybreak,dawn,noon,midnight,night,sunset,sunrise这类事件名词前都不加冠词.Heusedtowakeupatdaybreakeveryday.11.下面这类名词前通常不加冠词:大多数街名,广场名(TimesSquare),车站,机场,公园,桥梁名(LondonBridge),大学名(YaleUniversity),节日名(NationalDay,NewYear’sDay),多数杂志名(Time,Reader’sDigest),12.很多情况下,是否要加冠词,常常是一个习惯用法问题,特别是在一些固定的词组中,有时是说不出的道理intowninthecity在城里catchcoldhaveacold感冒了atadistance在一定距离外inthedistance在远处不填冠词a,an,the用法联系1.___boyiswaitingforyououtoftheschoolgate.2.Thereis___famousuniversityinthissmallcity.3.Everyonehas___mouth,___nose,twoeyesandtwoears.4.Thereisonly___littlemilkinthebottle.5.Pleaseshowme___photooftheboy.6.Whichis___biggest,___sun,___earth,or___moon?7.Igetupatabout6o’clockin___morning.8.Hecanplay___piano.9.Inmyhometown,itisnotcoldin___winter.10.Ihaveneverbeento___Japan.AaaatheathethethethethetheTakecareof____woundedand____dying.(救死扶伤)thethe_____WhitesarewatchingTV.The____mancannotlivewithoutwater.Hehasbeenin____prisonforfiveyears.