观点对比选择型议论文写作训练

2012年6月大学英语四级作文真题•Directions:Forthispartyouareallowed30minutestowriteacompositionentitledOnExcessivePackagingfollowingtheoutlinebelow.Youshouldwriteatleast120wordsbutnomorethan180words.•1.目前许多商品存在过度包装的现象•2.出现这一现象的原因•3.我对这一现象的看法和建议•大纲要求：写作(writing)部分是测试学生用英语进行书面表达的能力，所占分值比例为15%，考试时间为30分钟。•要求：三段式，字数120，时间30分钟•四级考试题型为六大类：现象解释型，问题解决型，观点对比型，谚语论证，以及应用文和图表作文。•描述现象、分析原因、个人看法仍是四级考试写作部分主要考查的重点提高写作的五条原则•practice：从现在开始到考试，本学期至少写五篇作文；选其中三篇最好作文，作为成绩。•input：要有必要的输入。要多看范文，背范文。在理解的基础上，把范文的精彩句子、词汇和结构默写。同时熟记不同类型论文的句子框架。•outline：动手写作文前要根据题目，把相关的关键词写下，以确保作文不离题。•vary：作文的句子要多变。要在练习中敢于尝试使用新的句型和词汇表达。•revise：作文最后定稿前，至少改三遍。观点对比选择型议论文写作训练LearningObjective•＊Evaluatetwopointsofviewandchoosewhichoneyouagreewith.•＊Practicewritinganintroduction,bodyparagraphandaconclusion.•＊Writingpractice•要求从正反两方面对某一事物加以论述。这类议论文有其固定的模式，如就某一事物或现象给出两种完全对立的观点，然后再摆出自己的看法；或是先说明某一事物的重要性，积极因素，然后再说明该事物的危害性、消极因素等。•观点1+观点2+个人观点•描述现象+观点1、2（积极性、消极性）+个人观点对比选择型(正反两点论式)议论文历年四级作文•2005年12月•ShouldtheUniversityCampusBeOpentoTourists?1.名校校园正成为旅游新热点2.校园是否应对游客开放，人们看法不同3.我认为……历年四级作文•2006年12月•OntheSpringFestivalGala1、许多人喜欢看cctv春节晚会；2、但有的人认为应该取消；3、你的看法历年四级作文•2008年6月•RecreationalActivities1.娱乐活动多种多样2.娱乐可能使人们受益，也可能有危害性3.作为大学生，我的看法•例题一：•MyViewOnJob-hopping•有些人喜欢始终从事一种工作，因为…•有些人喜欢经常更换工作，因为…•我的看法对比选择型(正反两点论式)作文分析1Paragraph1:introductionMyViewonJob-hopping•Everyone'sattitudetowardjob-hoppingisdifferent.Somepeoplethinktheywilldoonejobuntilretirement.Theyoftensaysomethinglikethis:Takeuponething,likeitandbegoodatit.Thesepeoplethinkthatonlywhentheyareabsorbedinonejobcantheydoitwell.•第一段：第一句首先概括主题现象。本段第二句为主题句，第三、四句通过引用某类人的观点，对主题句进行解释或者说明。•Bycontrast,otherpeopleliketochangejobsfromtimetotime.Intheiropinion,theaimofdoingajobisonlytogetmoremoney.Sowhentheyhaveachancetogetabetter-paidjobcertainlytheyoughttoseizethechance.•第二段：段首句为主题句，中心思想是“liketochangejobsfromtimetotime”；第二、三句为发展句。在对第一、二段进行衔接时，文章使用了信号词“Bycontrast”。Paragraph2:bodyParagraph3:conclusion•Myviewonjob-hoppingfallsbetweenthetwoviewpointsexpressedabove.IthinkifIhaveajobthatreallysuitsme,I'lldoitallmylife.Nootherjobcanattractmenomatterwhatthebenefitsmaybe.ButifIdon'tgetasuitablejob,I'llchangeituntilIfindsomethingsatisfactory.Inaword,Iwanttofindajobthatsuitsme;moneyandotherthingsarenotunderconsideration.•第三段：谈论“我的看法”时，作者并没有单纯倾向于哪一种观点。段首句中作者首先解释：我的观点介于两者之间；之后，又在发展句中对其态度作了进一步说明。point1point2YourviewFurtherexplanation(reason)Summary(restate)Furtherexplanation(reason)Furtherexplanation(reason)•例题二：•PrivateCars：GoodOrEvil•1.有人认为我们应积极推广私人汽车•2.有人认为我们不应推广私人汽车•3.你的看法•PrivateCars:GoodorEvil•Withtheimprovementofpeople'slivingstandard,somepeoplehaveboughtcarsoftheirown,andothersareplanningtobuycars.Thereisageneraldiscussionnowadaysaboutthegoodorevileffectsprivatecarsmaybringus.Tothisproblem,differentpeopleholddifferentviews.•开头段：段落第一句为概述，通过具体的现象引起读者的共鸣。第三句为论点，论点的主题：“differentviews”。Paragraph1:introduction•Thosewhofavorprivatecarsmaintainthatprivatecarsarehighlydesirableforobviousreasons.（主题句）InthebigcitiesofChina,busesareoftencrowdedandslow,especiallyduringrushhours.Iftherearemoreprivatecars,peoplecangetaroundeasily.Besides,bydrivingcars,theymightbewellprotectedfromthebadweather,andcoverlongdistancesrapidlyandpleasantly.（分论点；举例）•主体段：主题句为第一句。中心思想是“obviousreasons”；发展句中，作者运用了公共汽车拥挤和小汽车的种种便利这两个事实，对中心思想进行说明。Paragraph2:bodypart•However,therearethreechiefreasonsforthosepeoplewhoareagainstcars.（主题句）First,carsarethemaincauseoftrafficaccident.（分论点）Thousandsuponthousandsofpeoplehavebeenkilledorinjuredbycaraccidentsallovertheworld.（举例）Second,carownershavetopayvastsumsforroadtaxandotherfeeseveryyear.Thisisabigdrainontheirresources.Finally,privatecarownersinChinamayhaveallkindsoftrouble,suchasgettingadrivinglicenseandfindingaparkinglot.（举例）Paragraph2:bodypart•Astome,thelatteropinionismoreacceptable.Althoughcarshavesomanyobviousbenefits,theyaretooluxuriousfortheoverwhelmingmajorityofChinesepeopletoownthem.Therefore,wemaysaythatitisstillearlyatpresentforthepopularizationofprivateearsinourcountry.•结尾段：本段中，作者先在第二句话介绍了原因，第三句话阐述了作者的具体观点——普及轿车为时尚早。Paragraph3:conclusionpoint1point2YourviewGeneralstatement(describethephenomenon)Furtherexplanation(example+reason)SummaryFurtherexplanation(example)Furtherexplanation(reason)•在写作正反两点论式文章时，我们可以借助以下句型：•1.Whenaskedabout...,quiteafew/many/most/thevastmajorityofpeoplethink/believethat...•Butotherpeopleregard/see/view/thinkof...as...•Ithinkquite/abitdifferently.•2.Whenitcomesto...,somepeoplethink/believethat...•Othersargue/claimthattheopposite/reverseistrue.•Thereisprobablysometruthinbotharguments/statements,butIthink...•在写作正反两点论式文章时，我们可以借助以下句型：•3.Thereisapublicdebate/discussion/controversytoday/nowadayson/about/overtheproblem/issueof...•Thosewhocriticize/oppose/objectto...contend/arguethat….Theybelievethat...•Butpeoplewhoadvocate/favor...,ontheotherhand,maintain/assertthat...•4.Nowalotof/many/themajorityof/mostpeoplebelieve/think/feelthat...•Admittedly,…,thereisno/littleevidencethat结尾段常用引出“我”的个人观点的句型：•AsfarasIamconcerned,Iagreewith…•就我而言，我支持…•Astome,theformer/latteropinionismoreacceptable.•对我来说，前/后一种观点更可以接受。•Formypart,Iamonthesideof