引力波源宇宙原初引力波

1Gravitational-wavestandardsirensasaprobeofcosmologyWenZhaoDepartmentofAstronomyUniversityofScienceandTechnologyofChinaBasedon:WZ,VanDenBroeck,Baskaran&Li,Phys.Rev.D83,023005(2011)提纲引力波源与引力波探测器引力波源作为标准铃声在宇宙学中的应用2引力波源与引力波探测器宇宙学的“引力波源”宇宙原初引力波(PGW)，宇宙弦产生引力波，早期宇宙相变产生引力波“超大质量黑洞”作为引力波源10^{6}-10^{9}太阳质量的双黑洞系统(SMBH)“中子星、恒星质量黑洞”作为引力波源太阳质量的黑洞，中子星双星系统(BNS&NSBH)3引力波源与引力波探测器45引力波源作为“标准铃声”In1986,Schutzfoundthattheluminositydistanceofthebinaryneutronstars(orblackhole)canbeindependentlydeterminedbyobservingtheG.W.generatedbythissystem.IfwecanalsofindtheEMcounterpart,theredshiftcanalsobedetermined.ThusthedL-zrelationcanbeusedtostudytheevolutionofuniverse.Thisistheso-called:standardsirens.(Schutz,Nature,1986)characters：1.non-EMmethodtostudythecosmology2.independentof“cosmicdistanceladder”*测量哈勃常数地面的Adv.LIGO，Adv.VIRGO(BNS,NSBH)*测量宇宙暗能量地面的EinsteinTelescope(BNS,NSBH)空间的LISA(SMBBH)空间的BBO(BNS,NSBH)引力波源作为“标准铃声”为什么需要别的方法来确定“红移”？*仅靠引力波的观测无法(很难)定出红移*打破波源的“位置参数”与“內秉参数”之间的耦合6引力波源作为“标准铃声”怎样确定波源的“红移”？*通过引力波探测器的高空间分辨率，找到波源的宿主星系，通过光谱来确定其红移（空间引力波探测器）（Throne,1987;Wen&Chen,PRD,2010）*通过引力潮汐在引力波相位中的体现来确定红移(5PN)（Messenger&Read,PRL,2012）*找到其光学对应体来确定红移，例如伽玛暴，X射线暴等789在宇宙学中的应用------1.直接测量哈勃常数10在宇宙学中的应用------2.直接测量哈勃参数的演化11在宇宙学中的应用------3.区分暗能量与修改引力理论1213在宇宙学中的应用------4.探测宇宙暗能量(WZ,vanBroeck,Baskaran&Li,Phys.Rev.D,2011)Since1998,peoplediscoveredtheanacceleratingexpansionoftheuniversebytheobservationsofSNIa.Nowthemainobservationsinclude:SNIa,CMB,BAO,WL,GRBandsoon,whichallsupporttheLCDMmodel.Inthismodel,70%energyistheso-calleddarkenergy,mimicthecosmologicalconstant.Now,manydarkenergymodelsaresuggested:Quinessence,Phantom,Quintom,YMC,HDE,MGandsoon.14DarkEnergyProblemThekeytodistinguishvariousmodelsisbasedontheobservationsofEOS.Inthenearfuture,themainprobesarestillvariousEMmethods:CMB,SNIa,BAO,WL[see“ReportofDETF”fordetails].Problem:Arethereanynon-EMmethod?(Komatsuetal.2010)15Gravitational-waveDetectorsGround-based:LIGO,VIRGO,GEO,TAMAAdv.LIGO,Adv.VIRGO(2015)ET(2020?)Space-based:LISA(2020?)BBO,DECIGO,ASTROD(GodKnows!)1617ExpandingUniverseandDarkEnergyLetusworkwiththeFLRWuniverses,whicharedescribedbyk=0,1,-1describestheflat,closedandopenuniverse,respectively.Weconsidertheuniverseisfilledbythecolddust(baryonanddarkmatter)anddarkenergywiththeequationofstate(EOS)Inthisuniverse,theHubbleparameteriscalculatedby18Short-handGamma-rayburstandGravitationalwaves1920EinsteinTelescope21Short-handGamma-rayBurstsWeassumegammaradiationisemittedinanarrowconeatarangeι≤20◦.Weonlyconsiderthelowredshiftsourceswithz2.Totaluncertaintyoftheluminositydistanceisestimatedby2223GravitationalWaveStandardSirens24Asaconservativeestimation,weassume1000sources(~1/1000ofthetotalsources)willbeobservedbybothEMandGWways.Inadditiontothenumberofthesources,theredshiftdistributionofthesourcesalsoplayacrucialroleforthedetectionofdarkenergy.*uniformdistribution[r(z)=constant]*non-uniformdistribution[r(z)peaksatz=1](Schneideretal2001)2526Howtobreaktheparameterdegeneracy?---PlanckCMBPriorObservationsofCMBarealwaysusedastherequiredpriorforthedetectionofdarkenergy.CMBisverysensitiveforthedeterminationof‘curvature’,‘baryon’and‘darkmatter’,whichisjustcomplementarywithGWmethod.TheFishermatrixforCMBisNow,letuscombinePlanck(CMB)andET(GW)method.NOTE:itisincorrecttosayCMBalonecandetectDE.27ET(GW)&JDEM(BAO)&SNAP(SNIa)28ConclusionET(GW)providesanewnon-EMmethodforthedetectionofdarkenergy,andthesensitivityisclosetothefutureBAOandSNIamethods.SimilartoBAOandSNIamethods,Planck(CMB)priorplaysacrucialroleforthedarkenergydetectionbyET(GW)method.谢谢！2930Effectsofsources’distribution31DetectingDEbyBAOmethod32DetectingDEbySNIamethod引力波源作为“标准铃声”怎样确定波源的“红移”？*通过引力波探测器的高空间分辨率，找到波源的宿主星系，通过光谱来确定其红移（空间引力波探测器）（Throne,1987;Wen&Chen,PRD,2010）*通过引力潮汐在引力波相位中的体现来确定红移(5PN)（Messenger&Read,PRL,2012）*找到其光学对应体来确定红移，例如伽玛暴，X射线暴等3334引力波源作为“标准铃声”为什么需要别的方法来确定“红移”？*仅靠引力波的观测无法(很难)定出红移*打破波源的“位置参数”与“內秉参数”之间的耦合35