您好,欢迎访问三七文档
当前位置:首页 > 行业资料 > 冶金工业 > 能运用汉译英的理论和技巧
StrategiesofReading&TranslationforChineseStudentsByProf.ZhangDingzhouI.Reading&translation–indispensableskillsforstudentsofEnglish1.animportantcourseforastudent2.animportantrequisiteforanemployeeSyllabusforTEM8:a)能运用汉译英的理论和技巧,翻译我国报刊杂志上的文章和一般文学作品。速度为每小时250--300个汉字。译文必须忠实原意,语言通顺。流畅。b)能运用英译汉的理论和技巧,翻译英美报刊杂志上的文章和文学原著。速度为每小时250--300个英文单词。译文必须忠实原意,语言通顺。流畅。测试形式:主观试题,考试时间60分钟。FromChinesetoEnglish:150个汉字的段落FromEnglishtoChinese:150个英文单词的段落ChallengesforstudentsofEnglishinreading&translation1.Tomwasnotlateforclassbecauseofhisillness.因为生病,汤姆上课没有迟到。2.Myonlycapitalisdiligence.我唯一的资本是勤奋。Diligence–myonlymeanstosuccess.II.DifficultiesforChinesestudentsinreading&translation严复:“一名之立,旬月踟躇。”理查兹:“翻译很可能是整个宇宙进化过程中迄今为止最复杂的一种活动。”--许渊冲:《英汉、汉英翻译教程序言》,19901.两种不同的文字系统:中文:parataxis,意合法英文:hypotaxis,形合法她弹钢琴,他吹笛子…。1)Sheplaysthepianoandheplaystheflute.Bothofthemaremusicians.2)Sheplaysthepianobutheplaystheflute.Theyplaydifferentmusicalinstruments.3)Whileshewasplayingthepiano,heplayedtheflute.Theyproducedbeautifultunes.4)Aftersheplayedthepiano,heplayedtheflute.Theirperformanceswereagreattreattotheguests.Examples:1)瓜熟蒂落,水到渠成。Whenamelonisripe,itfallsoffitsstem.Whenwaterflows,achannelisformed.2)Everythingisgoodwhennew,butfriendswhenold.物莫如新,友莫如故。3)Awomanwithoutamanislikeafishwithoutabicycle.没有男人的女人好似没有自行车的鱼。女人用不着男人,就象鱼用不着自行车。Examples:4)Timegoesfastforonewhohasasenseofbeauty,whenthereareprettychildreninapoolandayoungDianaontheedge,toreceivewithwonderanythingyoucancatch!当你跟可爱的孩子们站在池子里,又有个年轻的狄安娜在池边好奇地接受你捉上来的任何东西时,如果你懂得什么叫美的话,时间是过得很快的!(152)Zeugma共轭1.Thesenatorpickeduphishatandcourage.参议员捡起了帽子,同时鼓起了勇气。2.WhiletheVietnamvetwasfighting,andlosinglimbandmind,othersstayedbehindtopursueeducationandcareer.越战老兵在浴血奋战时,即使不缺胳膊少腿也回沦为疯子,而其他人这会儿却躲在他们后面求学深造,一展宏图呢。3.Frictioncanbeconsiderablyreducedandthelifeofthemachineprolongedbycarefullubrication.对机器仔细加以润滑,能大大减少摩擦,从而延长机器的寿命。4.Ascientistconstantlytriedtodefeathishypotheses,histheories,andhisconclusions科学家会经常设法去否定自己的假设,推翻自己的理论,放弃自己的结论。5.Theavailabilityofventurecapitalfinancingtoyoung,hightechnologycompanieshasbeenaprimarycontributortothedramaticrevenuegrowthenjoyedby,andtheincreasedcompetitivenessof,America’shightechnologyindustry.新兴高科技公司所获取的风险资本融资,对于美国高科技产业收益率的大幅提高和竞争力的不断提升起到了重大的作用。6.Thestart-upprogramforthereactormustnotbecommencedbeforecompletionandformalacceptanceoffireprecautionsandassociatedinstallationsbythecompetentauthoritiesinquestionandbytheinsurersortheirrepresentatives.在消防措施和相关设施完成并由有关当局及保险公司或其代理人正式验收之前,不得开始反应堆程序。2.植根于不同文化土壤中的两种语言1)Everydoghashisday2)月貌花容withafacelikethemoonandavisagelikeaflower3)Hisretortwasdeliveredwithastrongnoteofvinegar.他用非常不快的口气作了反驳。4)ShallIcomparetheetoasummer’sday?Thouartmorelovelyandmoretemperate.(Shakespeare)Examples:5)“Thechancellorhasbeensentencedtodeath.”“Giveadogabadname.”“首相被判死刑。”“欲加之罪,何患无词。”6)这个女人真是红眼病,连朋友长得好看都要嫉妒。Sheisagreen-eyedwoman,evenjealousofherfriend’sgoodlooks.Examples:7.旧历新年快来了。这是一年中的第一件大事。除了那些负债过多的人以外,大家都热烈地欢迎这个佳节的到来。ThetraditionalNewYearHolidaywasfastapproaching,thefirstbigeventoftheyear,andeveryone,exceptthosewhoowedheavydebts–whichtraditionallyhadtobepaidoffbeforetheyear–wasenthusiasticallylookingforwardtoit.3.两种不同的思维方式和表现手法1)你来得不是时候。Youcouldhavecomeatabettertime.2)Hecan’tseeyouquicklyenough.他想尽快和你见面。3)We’dbetterletthesleepingdogslie.我们最好别去惹这个是非。Moreexamples:4)Theteamwasorganizedtwoyearsagoandithasyettowinasinglegame.这个队两年前就成立了,到现在还没赢过一场球。5)A:你应该休息一下。B:我必须一口气把它做完。A:Youshouldtakeabreaksometime.B:Ihavetodothisinonesitting.(perspective)Moreexamples:6)Idon’tknowhertospeakto.我和她只有点头之交。7)Abigelephantisnotmoreananimalthanalittlecatis.大象是动物,小猫也是动物。8)Hewasnottheeldestsonofhisfatherfornothing.他不愧是他父亲的长子。(否定转移)Moreexamples:9)A:Youhaveabignose.B:Lookwhoistalking!A:你的鼻子很大啊!B:你不是也一样!10)A:Thosestudentsareterrible.B:Don’tIknowit!A:那些学生真差啊。B:一点都没错。(Modeofthinking)11)Themaximwasthatwhenamarriedcouplesawredlawyerssawgreen.俗语说,夫妇吵得脸红耳赤之时,便是律师招财进宝之日。III.StrategicalconsiderationofTranslationTranslation–anearlysocialactivityinhumanhistory1.《册府元龟》里的《外臣部朝贡》:“夏后即位七年,于夷来宾。少康即位三年,方夷来宾。”(夏后即位:2197B.C.少康即位:2079B.C.)2.安世高,东汉,148A.D.二十余年,佛经95部3.埃及国王托勒密二世邀72学者到亚历山大图书馆,把《圣经旧约》从希伯来语译成希腊语(285B.C.--249B.C.)中国列代的翻译理论:玄奘:“既须求真,又须喻俗”(公元620年前后)严复:“信、达、雅”(1853--1921)鲁迅:“我是至今主张‘宁信而不顺’的。”(〈给瞿秋白的信〉)傅雷:“传神”论:译文和原文在形式上和精神上同时一致起来。(1951)钱钟书:“化境”说:原文的思想、感情、风格、神韵都原原本本地化到译文的境界里,不留任何翻译的痕迹。(1964)奈达的动态对等原理(DynamicEquivalence):Translatingconsistsinreproducinginthereceptorlanguagetheclosestnaturalequivalentofthesourcelanguagemessage,firstintermsofmeaningandsecondlyintermsofstyle.翻译就是在译语中复制出与原语首先在意义上其次在风格上最切近与自然的等值语。(EugeneA.NidaandCharlesR.Taber,p.12,TheTheoryandPracticeofTranslation,1969)对翻译初学者的要求:正确理解和表达原文的思想,忠实与通顺,译文的文字流畅地道。翻译的方法:literaltranslation&freetranslation直译:按照词或句的直接含义来表达原文。优点:能顺其自然地表达原文的本色。缺点:在一定程度上影响译文的畅达和可接受性。意译:在原语与译语无对应形式的情况下,采用折射或迂回的手段来表达原文。优点:能较好地保持译入语的习惯性和译文的可接受性。缺点:在一定程度上影响译文的准确性。1)能直译时就直译:船小好掉头:Asmallboatturnseasily.望而生畏:beterrifiedbythesightof望梅止渴:quenchone’sthirstbythinkingofplums看风使舵,他的口气立即变得温和了。Steeringaccordingtothewind,heimmediatelysoftenedhistone.Examples:他活该!老虎头上扑苍蝇。Servehimright!Onlyfool
本文标题:能运用汉译英的理论和技巧
链接地址:https://www.777doc.com/doc-333128 .html