人教版必修5 Unit 1 语法

Grammar过去分词V-ed的用法•过去分词的基本特点：•1.从语态上讲：及物动词的过去分词一般表被动。•2.从时态上讲：及物动词的过去分词表示已经完成的动作；不及物动词表示完成的意思而非表被动。Theceilinghasfallendown.Theletterwaswritten.Theglasshasbeenbroken完成被动完成4.作状语1.作定语2.作表语3.作补语过去分词1.过去分词知多少•惊恐的人们•一枚用过的邮票•被污染的水•拥挤的教室•打碎的瓶子•关了的门•疲惫的人们•terrified/astonishedpeople•ausedstamp•pollutedwater•acrowdedroom•abrokenglass•acloseddoor•thetiredpeople•注意过去分词做定语的位置acloseddoor•abrokenwindowapollutedriveralightedcandle一支点燃的蜡烛ausedstamp一枚用过的邮票一个醉鬼adrunken/drunkman•一、过去分词作定语1.前置定语归纳1：单个的过去分词作定语时，通常放在被修饰的名词_______。之前单个过去分词作定语，常放在被修饰词的前面;过去分词短语作定语，常放在被修饰词的后面。Englishisawidelyusedlanguage.Thisisoneoftheschoolsbuiltin1980.3.过去分词作定语位置apicturepaintedbyLeonardodaVinciawomandressedinwhite2.过去分词短语作定语：通常_____，其作用相当于定语从句。1)It’sapicture_______________paintedbyLeonardodaVinci2)Therewasawoman____________dressedinwhitethat/whichwasthat/whowas后置anastonishedfilmstarafilmstarwhoisastonishedadisappointedfootballplayerafootballplayerwhoisdisappointedaboywhoistiredatiredboytwobrokenglassesthetwoglasseswhicharebroken教育定语→Theinjuredboycannottakepartinthesportsmeet.AllbookswhichwereborrowedfromthelibraryshouldbereturnedbyFriday.ExampleTheboywhoisinjuredcannottakepartinthesportsmeet.→AllbooksborrowedfromthelibraryshouldbereturnedbyFriday.位于系动词后，不表示“被动”或“完成”，而是表示主语的状态、特点或思想感情等。相当于形容词1.Theyareexcited.2.Helookedworriedafterreadingtheletter.3.Whenweheardofthis,weweredeeplymoved.二.过去分词作表语4.过去分词作表语1.用作表语的过去分词被动意味很弱，主要表示动作的完成和状态，此时相当于一个形容词。2.被动语态的过去分词被动意味很强,句子主语为动作的承受者，后面常跟by短语。①Theglasswasbroken.TheglasswasbrokenbyTom.②Thewindowsareclosed.ThewindowsareclosedbyJack.状态动作动作状态Practice：仿写TThebookwhichiswrittenbyHanHanispopularwithstudents.=ThebookwrittenbyHanHanispopularwithstudents.TheplayerlovedbymanypeopleisYaoMing.=TheplayerwhoislovedbymanypeopleisYaoMing.The______(fall)leavesarebeautiful.Theywere________(excite).fallenexcitedThe29thOlympicGame_______(hold)inBeijingwassuccessful.held定语表语定语V-ed(动词的过去分词)，在句中可以作定语、表语。教育What’sthedifference？现在分词过去分词Thewaterisboiling.Thedogisbarking.Theinjureddogissad.时间语态She’sdrinkingboiledwater.现在分词和过去分词做定语的区别现在分词表示主动意义，过去分词表示被动意义．现在分词表示正在进行，过去分词表示状态或完成．amovingmovie感人的电影amovedaudience被感动的观众boilingwater正在烧(煮沸)的水boiledwater已煮沸的水developingcountries发展中国家developedcountries发达国家fallingleaves落叶(正在进行)fallenleaves落叶(已经完成)1.Theywere________tohearthe_______news.(delight)2.Theteacherannouncedthe_______newswithan_______voice.(excite)4.Therewasa_________(surprise)lookonhisface.5.Thestorywasso________(move)thathewas_______(move)totears.delighteddelightingexcitedexciting归纳:与感觉相关的及物动词，其过去分词含有被动含义，即“人被引起某种感觉”，多用来形容人、人的声音或者表情。而其现在分词表示主动意义，即“令人有某种感觉”surprisedmovingmovedV-ing与V-ed作表语的区别区别LiuXiangisaplayer______(love)bymanythousandsoffans.Unluckily,hegot______(injure)inthegame,in2012LondonOlympics.The__________(surprise)newsgotacrosstotheworldandhisfanswere____________(disappoint)toseeit，buttheystillwishedhimahappylife.lovedinjuredsurprisingdisappointed•Practice:Completethesentencesusingthepastparticipleasthepredicative.1.丢了钱他自责不已。(blame)He______________aboutlosingthemoney.2你为什么总是看上很疲劳？这些日子睡得好吗？(tired)Whydoyoualways_______________?Doyousleepwellthesedays?3我对昨晚看的电影很失望,我原以为它能好些。(disappointed)I_____________________thefilmIsawlastnight,Ihadexpectedittobebetter.4.听说那位明星死了，人人都很惊讶。Everybody____________tohearthedeathofthefamousfilmstar．gotblamedlooksotiredwasdisappointedwithwasshocked用以下单词的正确形式填空：worry,interest,arrive,frighten,continue,disappoint1.I’llbe__________tohearwhathehastosay.2.Themayorsaidthathewas________abouttheseverediseaserecently.3.Recently________soldiersarehelpingtotakethevictimstosafeareasfromtheflood.4.Hewas_________ofgoingaloneintotheemptyhouse.5.Heisvery_____hisson’sstudy.interestedworriedarrivedfrighteneddisappointedThebook___________________(一本农民写的书)isverypopular.Thebuilding__________________(去年建的楼房)nowcollapsedintheWenchuanearthquake.Theproblem__________________________(在昨天会议上讨论的)wasverydifficulttosolve.Thewindow_________________________被那个顽皮男孩打破的)isbeingrepaired.writtenbythefarmerbuiltlastyeardiscussedatthemeetingyesterdaybrokenbythatnaughtyboyThechildren________________________昨天在医院检查的)wereseriouslyill.Thepeople_________________(暴露在阳光下的)gotsunburnt.Theboy_____________________________(受到老师严厉惩罚的)isnowacollegestudent.Thewater___________________________(送到他家的水)carrieddisease.examinedinthehospitalyesterdayexposedtothesunpunishedseverelybytheteacherdeliveredtohishomeTheEnglishtodayisquitedifferentfromtheEnglish________________________(300年前所说的).Mostoftheartists___________________(被邀请去参加聚会的)werefromSouthAfrica.Thestudents____________________(受到老师鼓舞的)workedharderthaneverbefore.spokeninthepast300yearsinvitedtothepartyinspiredbytheteacher