虚拟语气的讲解

TheSubjunctiveMood虚拟语气Revision:形式情况条件从句主句与过去事实相反与现在事实相反与将来事实相反过去式(be用were)would(should,could,might)+动词原形had+动词过去分词would(should,could,might)+have+动词过去分词过去式/should+动词原形/wereto+动词原形would(should,could,might)+动词原形（1）在动词wish后的宾语从句中，表示与现在或过去的事实相反，或对将来的主观愿望，从句通常省略连词that。1）表示对现在情况的虚拟：从句动词用过去式或过去进行式（be动词一般用were）。2）表示对过去情况的虚拟：从句动词常用“had＋过去分词”或“would,could,might+havedone”。（2）在主语＋wouldrather＋that宾语从句中，从句谓语用过去式表示现在或将来，用过去完成式表示与过去事实相反。2、虚拟语气在宾语从句中的用法（3）在表示提议、要求、命令、决定等动词如suggest,decide,require,request,demand,propose,insist,order等）后的宾语从句中谓语动词常用“should+动词原形”。Should常被省略。一个坚持（insist）,两个命令（order,command）,三个建议（suggest,advise,propose）,四个要求（ask,demandrequest,require）1.Heisnotapilot,buthewisheshe______(be).2.IwishI___________(meet)himyesterday.3.Iwishit__________(be)finetomorrow.4.Heorderedthework_________________(start)atonce.5.I’dratheryou_________(stay)athomealldaytoday.werehadmetwouldbe(should)bestartedstayedRevision:例1、IfIwereyou,Itothecinemawithher.(96)A.wentB.havebeenC.hadbeenD.wouldgo【分析】通过if从句中谓语动词“Iwere”可判断出，该句是与现在事实相反的虚拟条件句。主句用“would+动词原形”。故选答案D。D、试题详解例2Thedoctorproposedthatmybrotherhisrighthand.(97)A.avoidtouseB.shouldavoidtouseC.avoidusingD.avoidedusing【分析】该题有两个考点，一是propose后的宾语从句要用虚拟语气动词形式，二是avoid一词后要用动名词作宾语。故选C。例3HadyounothelpedmewithmyEnglish,Itopassthefinalexamination.A.mightfailB.mighthavefailedC.shallfailD.wouldfail【分析】当if从句中有were,should和had等词时，可以省略if，同时把were,should,had放到主语前面形式倒装。从句中的had…nothelped表明该句是与过去事实相反的假设，因此要选B。虚拟语气在主语从句中的用法①Itisdesired（suggestedrequested,ordered,demanded…)+that…;②Itisstrange(necessary,possible,important,surprising,natural…)+that…;③Itisapity(nowonder…)+that…等结构后的主语从句中的谓语动词用should+动词原形，should常被省略。例:Itisdesiredthatwe(should)geteverythingreadybytonight.他那样说话，令人吃惊。Itisstrangethathe(should)sayso.真遗憾，你失去了这么好的机会。Ithasbeendecidedthatthesportsmeet(should)beputofftillnextmonth.已经决定了把运动会推迟至下个月。Itisapitythatyou(should)missagoodchance.高中学生掌握一门外语很有必要。Itisnecessarythatahighschoolstudentshouldmasteraforeignlanguage.虚拟语气在表语从句和同位语从句的用法在suggestion,proposal,order,idea,news,request,advice,demand,plan等名词后面的表语从句中的谓语动词用should+动词原形，should常省略。例Mysuggestionisthatwe(should)dotheexperimentagain.我的想法是在接受前仔细想想。Myideaisthatweshouldthinkitoverbeforeacceptingit.Mysuggestionthatwe(should)dotheexperimentagainisacceptedbythem.我的再做一次试验的建议被他们所采纳。由asif,asthough引导的状语从句表示比较或方式时和表语从句时，从句谓语形式为动词的过去式（be用were）或“had＋过去分词”。(和虚拟条件谓语动词形式一样)asif,asthough在状语从句和表语从句的用法Hebehavesasifheownedthehouse.(Buthedoesn’townitorprobablydoesn’townitorwedon’tknowwhetherheownsitornot.)eg:HetreatsmeasifIwereastranger.eg:Shetalkedaboutthefilmasifshehadreallyseenit.Itseemsasifit______alreadysummer.看起来好象到夏天了。were他那样对待我，好像我是陌生人似的。她谈论那部影片，就好像她确实看过一样。HespeaksEnglishasifhewereanEnglishman.他说起英语来好像他是个英国人似的。Theytalkedaboutthecityasiftheyhadbeentherebefore.他们谈论那座城市好像他们以前真去过那儿似的。注意：如果表示的事情可能会发生，那么方式状语从句中的谓语动词可用陈述语气。虚拟语气在某些句型中的应用在Itis(high)time(that)…的句型中，定语从句的虚拟形式常用过去式或should＋动词原形（should不能省略），表示“现在该……”1、在Itis(high)time(that)…的句型中我们该走了。Itistimeweleft/shouldleave.【分析】Itis(high)timethat…这一句型用虚拟语气动词形式用动词的过去式，表示“提醒”或“催促”等意。故选D。例Itistimewe.(98)A.startB.tostartC.startingD.started2、在Ifonly…的句型中ifonly…表示一种假设情况，意思是“要是······就好了”，相当于主语＋wish。要是今天是星期天就好了。IfonlyitwereSundaytoday.要是我没有丢掉我的车就好了。IfonlyI____________mycar.hadn’tlost3.用介词短语代替条件状语从句。常用的介词由with,without,butfor等。Whatwouldyoudowithamilliondollars?Wecouldn’thavefinishedtheworkaheadoftimewithoutyourhelp.=ifyouhadamilliondollars＝ifwehadn’tgotyourhelpButforrain,wewouldhavefinishedthework.=Ifithadn’tbeenfortherain4.用在含有Ifitwerenotfor或Ifithadnotbeenfor条件句中。Ifitwerenotfortherain,thecropswoulddie.Ifithadnotbeenforyourhelp,wecouldn’thavefinishedtheworkaheadoftime.5.含蓄条件句有时为了表达的需要，在虚拟语气中并不总是出现if引导的条件句，而通过其他手段代替条件句。Iwasillthatday.Otherwise,Iwouldhavetakenpartinthesportsmeet.（副词）Hetelephonedtoinformmeofyourbirthday,orIwouldhaveknownnothingaboutit.（连词）=IfIhadnotbeenillthatday…Ifhehadnottelephonedtoinform…Everythingtakenintoconsideration,theywouldhaveraisedtheiroutputquickly.Amanwhostoppeddrinkingwaterwouldbedeadinaboutsevendays.=Ifeverythinghadbeentakenintoconsideration,theywouldhaveraisedtheiroutputquickly.=Ifamanstoppeddrinkingwater,hewouldbedeadinaboutsevendays.定语从句:独立主格结构:E.Exercises1.Itisstrangethathe_____________(make)suchamistake.That’sunexpected.2.Itwasrequiredthateachstudent________(bring)enoughfoodonthetrip.3.Mydemandisthatyou_____________(get)upatsix.4.Evenifhe_______(be)here,hecouldn’tsolvetheproblem.5.Withoutair,there__________(be)nolivingthings.shouldmakebring(should)getwerewouldbe1.Ourteacherinsistedthatwe____inclass.A.notalkB.don’ttalkC.couldnottalkD.shouldnottalk2.Itissuggestedthattheexperiment_____madeinanotherway.A.beB.mustbeC.maybeD.wouldbe3.Youdidn’tletmedrive.Ifwe____inturn,you_____sotired.A.drove;didn’tgetBdrove;wouldn’tgetC.weredriving;wouldn’tgetD.haddriven;wouldn’thavegot4.Ido____Icouldgiveyouahand.A.hopeB.wishC.expectD.think5.Hisdoctorsuggestedthathe____ashorttripabroad.A.willtakeB.wouldtakeC.takeD.took6.Ienjoyedthemovieverymuch.IwishI_____thebookfromwhichitwasmade.A.havereadB.hadreadC.shouldhavereadD.amreading7.I