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should•一.should,shall的过去式,可以在间接引语中与第一人称主语搭配,表示过去将来时间。例如:•Thegroupleaderannouncedthatweshould(=would)begintoworksoon.•Aweekago,ItoldhimthatIshould(=would)gotoBeijingthenextday.•二.should情态动词,通常用来表示现在或将来的责任或义务,译作“应该”、“应当”,这时它可以和oughtto,besupposedto互换使用。例如:•Youshould(=aresupposedto)completeyourtestintime.•你们应该按时做完你们的实验。•Youshould(=oughtto)tellyourmotheraboutitatonce.•你应该立即把此事告诉你妈妈。•三.should情态动词,•①用在条件状语从句中,表示语气较强的假设,译作“万一”、“竟然”;•②可将should置于从句之首,即将should放在主语前面,而省略从属连词if.例如:•Ifyoushouldfailtocome,askMrsChentoworkinyourplace.(=Shouldyoufailtocome,askMrsChentoworkinyourplace.)•万一你来不了,就叫陈夫人代替你。•Ifitshouldraintomorrow,Iwouldn'tgo.(=Shoulditraintomorrow,Iwouldn'tgo.)•万一明天天下雨,我就不去了。•四.should作为情态动词,可以表示谦逊、客气、委婉之意,译为“可……”、“倒……”。例如:•Ishouldsaythatitwouldbebettertotryitagain.•我倒是认为最好再试一试。•Youaremistaken,Ishouldsay.据我看,你搞错了。•Heshouldexpecttheirbasketballteamtowinthematch.•他倒是希望他们的篮球队赢得这场比赛的胜利。•五.should作为情态动词,可以用来表示意外、惊喜或者在说话人看来是不可思议的。尤其在以why,who,how等开头的修辞疑问句或某些感叹句中常常译为“竟会”、“居然”。例如:•HowshouldIknowit?我怎么会知道这件事?•Whyshouldyoubesolatetoday?你今天怎么来得这么晚?•WhenIwentout,whomshouldImeetbutmyoldfriendXiaoLi!当我出去时,想不到竟会碰见我的老朋友小李!•Idon'tseeanyreasonwhyheshouldn'tbehappy.•我不明白为什么他居然不愉快。•六.should作为情态动词,可以用来表示有较大可能实现的猜测、推论,通常译为“可能”、“总该……吧”,相当于beexpectedto.例如:•Theyshouldbehomebynow,Ithink.•我想现在他们总该到家了吧。•Thereportwaswrittenafteracarefulinvestigation,soitshouldbereliable.•这份报告是经过周密调查后才写成的,所以应该是可靠的。•七.should作为情态动词,用在由sothat,forfearthat,lest引导的目的状语从句和incase(that)引导的条件状语从句中,有“能够”、“可能”、“会”之意。例如:•Heisworkinghardforfearthatheshouldfallbehindothers.•他努力工作,唯恐落在别人后面。•Wewentoverthedocumentagainandagainlestweshouldmissanyofthemainpoints.•我们把文件看了一遍又一遍,唯恐忽略了其中的什么要点。•Hetookanumbrellaincase(that)itshouldrain.•他带了一把雨伞,以防天下雨。•八.should作为情态动词,可以用于下列虚拟语气句中:•1.用在表示与将来事实相反的条件状语从句中,构成“If……should(dosth)……,……would/could/might(dosth.)……”句式。例如:•Ifitshould(或wereto)raintomorrow,thesportsmeetingwouldbeputoff.•=Shoulditraintomorrow/Wereittoraintomorrow,thesportsmeetingwouldbeputoff.•如果明天天下雨,运动会就会延期举行。•2.用在suggest(propose),arrange,plan,decide,,advise,order,demand,request,desire,insist等表示“建议”、“要求”、“命令”、“决定”、“安排”、“计划”、“主张”的动词后面接的宾语从句中。这里的should也可以省略。例如:•Hesuggested/proposed/demanded/advisedthatthey(should)readtherulescarefully.•他建议/提议/要求/劝告他们要仔细阅读这些规则。•Thedoctororderedthatshe(should)stayinbedforanotherweek.•医生嘱咐她再卧床休息一个星期。•Heinsistedthatwe(should)takeupthematteratthemeeting.•他坚持要我们在会上提出这个问题。•3.用在“Itisdesired/suggested/requested/ordered/proposed/decided”之后由that引导的主语从句中,should也可以省略。例如:•ItisrequestedthatMissYang(should)giveaperformanceattheparty.•人们要求杨小姐在聚会上表演一个节目。•Ithasbeenarranged(planned)thatthey(should)leavethefollowingweek.•已经安排(计划)让他们下星期动身。•Ithasbeendecidedthatthemeeting(should)bepostponedtillnextSaturday.•已经决定会议推迟到下周六举行。•4.用在suggestion,motion,proposal,order,plan,idea,advice,request,decision,requiry等名词后面接的表语从句或同位语从句中,should也可以省略。例如:•Weallagreedtohissuggestion(proposal)thatwe(should)gotoNanjingforavisit.•我们都同意他提出的要我们到南京去游览的建议。(should用于同位语从句中)•Myidea/motion/advice/isthatwe(should)domoreeyeexerciseseveryday.•我的意见是我们每天应该多做眼保健操。(should用于表语从句中)•5.用在“Itis/wasnecessary/important/strange/incredible”或“Itisapity/ashame/nowonder”之后由that引导的主语从句中,should有“应该”、“必须”、“竟然”、“居然”之意。例如:•Itisnecessarythathe(should)besentthereatonce.•有必要马上派他到那里去。•Itisstrangethatthewheelshouldturnsoslowly.•真奇怪,这个轮子竟然转动得如此之慢。•Itisagreatpity/shame/thatheshouldbesoconceited.•真遗憾,他竟会这样自高自大。•九.“shouldhave+-ed分词”结构用来表达下述意义:•1.表示“应该已经……”,“本来应该……”,即过去该做某事但实际没有做,其否定式“shouldn'thave+-ed分词”意为“本来不应该……”。例如:•Thesecellsshouldhavebeenkeptinsomedryplaces.这些电池本来应该放(保存)在干燥的地方。(但实际上没有把它们放在干燥的地方。)•Youshouldn'thavedeptthosecellsinthedampplace.你本来不该把那些电池放在潮湿的地方。(但实际上已经把它们放到潮湿的地方了。)•2.表示“(估计)应该已经……”,“大概已经……”,即对过去情况的推测。例如:•Theyleftatnine,sotheyshouldhavearrived(=probablyhavearrived)homebynow.•他们是九点钟走的,现在应该已经到家了。•Theyshouldhavefinishedtheirwork,fortheybegantodoitsoearly.•他们很早就开始工作,现在大概已经干完了。•3.意为“竟然已经……”,“居然已经……”,即表示说话人对已经出现的事态感到“惊奇、惊喜、怀疑”。例如:•I'msurprisedthatheshouldhavebeensofoolish.我很奇怪,他竟然会这么傻。•I'mamazedthatMrHarrisshouldhavesaidnothingaboutthematter.•这件事,哈里斯先生竟然只字未提,对此我大为惊异。•Itiswonderfulthatyoushouldhaveachievedsomuchtheseyears.•这几年你竟然取得如此大的成就,你真了不起。•此外,should还可以出现在“shouldbedoingsth”或“shouldhavebeendoingsth”等句式中,表示“应该正在……”或表示说话人的某种不满情绪。例如:•Whyshouldwebesittingheredoingnothing?我们干嘛坐在这里闲着?•Youshouldbewearingamask.你应当戴着口罩。•Sheshouldn'tbeworkinglikethat.Sheisstillsoweak.•她不应当那样干。她身体还很虚弱。•Youshouldhavebeenwaitingforus.Whyhaven'tyou?你应当等着我们的。怎么没有等?
本文标题:should用法总结
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