重金属矿业废弃地的生态恢复(华中科大)（PDF66页）

尾矿　　采空区排土场污染退化区黄铭洪、束文圣等，2003，环境污染与生态恢复，科学出版社3采空区排土场尾矿44为矿山及周边重金属污染治理提供整体的理论与技术支撑源头控制过程控制终端治理56Hopesforfuture：RestorationecologyandconservationbiologyScience,19977RockyMountainsRockyMountainsMiningatRockyMountainsQuestionoHeavymetalstoxicityamongwildlifeintheColoradoRockyMountainsFIGURE1. Cadmiumconcentrationsinmostcommonlyeatenptarmiganfoods(generaindicated)andinptarmigancrops.FIGURE2. KidneycadmiumaccumulationsinColoradowhite-tailedptarmiganofknownage.(Toxicthresholdtakenfromreference.)FIGURE4. Bone-calciumcontentasafunctionofkidneycadmiumlevelsinadultptarmiganinore-beltandnon-ore-beltbirds.LetterstoNature,2000:4061718酸化重金属酸化重金属19矿业废弃地的生态恢复重金属矿业废弃地重金属耐性植物酸化生物地球化学模型基质改良与物种配置酸化预测与控制废弃地原生演替1.表土复原技术2.覆土植被技术3.直接植被技术最大优势：经济、有效永平铜矿排土场生态恢复区域原貌4个月二.工程实例我们在铅锌尾矿建立的人工湿地可以长期稳定地处理矿山重金属废水。污染物去除率：As87%、Cd94%、Pb99%、Zn97%、TSS99%。Yangetal,2006,EnvironmentalPollution25重金属矿业废弃地重金属耐性植物酸化生物地球化学模型基质改良与物种配置酸化预测与控制废弃地原生演替1.表土复原技术2.覆土植被技术3.直接植被技术最大优势：经济、有效26重金属矿业废弃地理论支撑科学研究方案合理因地制宜专业施工用心抚育用材得当选种培育工程管理优化技经2828重金属重金属29尾矿酸化过程中的微生物群落组成与功能演替DynamicsofmicrobialcommunitycompositionandfunctionGeochemistryandmineralogy16SpyrosequencingMetagenomicanalysis广东省凡口铅锌矿16S焦磷酸测序揭示不同酸化阶段微生物群落组成的变化ShiftsofmicrobialcommunitycompositionDominanceofProteobacteriainearlyandArchaeainlateacidificationstages宏基因组学分析揭示不同酸化阶段富集不同的基因EnrichmentofspecificgenesindifferentacidificationstagesEarly stageLate stageHeavy metal resistance genesLow pH resistance genes凡口尾矿酸化过程的概念模型ConceptualmodelofFankoutailingsacidificationprocessespH5pH5-3pH3Relativeabundance(%)0102030405060708090100ProteobacteriaEuryarchaeotaFirmicutesAcidobacteriaActinobacteriaBacteroidetesNitrospira硫铁矿酸化的室内模拟LaboratorysimulationexperimentspH5pH5-3pH3~50samples,16SpyrosequencingChen…Shu*.EnvironMicrobiol2013Liu…Huang*.ApplEnvironMicrobiol2014Chen…Shu*.EnvironSciTechnol201436Hua…Shu*.ISMEJ201536Kuang…Shu*.ISMEJ2016建立AMD微生物群落与功能代谢潜能的预测模型Li…Shu*.ScientificReports,2014Whythisstudyissoimportant-becauseitisthefirsttodirectlycomparemicrobesinextremeandbenignenvironmentsandlookattheiradaptiveandevolutionarycharacteristics.WhattheresearchershavefoundmayverywellexplainhowlifemanagedtoproliferateintheextremeenvironmentthatwasEarthsome4billionyearsago.Anditmayalsogiveussomehope,thatifmicrobiallifedevelopedonMars,somewhereithasandcontinuestoevolveintheextremeenvironmentofthatplanetAMD微生物群落的代谢潜能和功能活性Chen…Shu*.ISMEJ201539401原始情况2覆土平整3恢复3个月后4恢复6个月后5恢复6个月后6对照组与改良组对比41实验地整体恢复前后的土壤理化性质前后对比ParameterpH2.8±0.13.2±0.2↑EC(mS/cm）1.6±0.11.1±0.1↓**NAG-pH2.8±02.9±0.1↑NAG(kgH2SO4/t)23.3±0.813.9±1.1↓**AvailablePb(mg/kg)0.9±0.20.5±0.1↓AvailableZn(mg/kg)8.3±1.82.3±0.4↓**AvailableCu(mg/kg)103.8±17.221.5±3.9↓**TotalP(mg/kg)252±23538±23↑**AvailableK(mg/kg)5.9±0.419.1±2.6↑**AvailableMg(mg/kg)54.6±5.779.0±8.8↑*BeforeAfterSignificance42p修复前后的尾矿的微生物群落差别明显，酸化微生物被显著抑制。43Yang…Li*.SoilBiol.Biochem.20174445江西德兴铜矿水龙山排土场（第一期）生态恢复工程（2016.9）46江西德兴铜矿水龙山排土场（第一期）生态恢复工程（2017.5）47Species richness024681012Resilience-1000-800-600-400-2000200400r = 0.44, P  0.000148FeS2+O2+H2O→Fe(OH)3+H2SO4MS+O2+H2O→M2++H++SO42-pH3；重金属溶出增加、毒性加剧；盐分高Shuetal.2001,EnvironInt49好氧反应器调节池厌氧反应器•铁硫氧化菌•Fe2+完全氧化•调节pH(4.5)•回收施氏矿物•aSRB•回收重金属505152•宏基因组学•单细胞基因组学•GeoChip•Microarrays:Glassslidesorothersolidsurfacecontainingthousandsofgenesarrayedbyautomatedequipment.•FGAscontainprobesfromthegenesinvolvedinvariousgeochemical,ecologicalandenvironmentalprocesses.–C,N,S,Pcylcings–Organiccontaminantdegradation–Metalresistanceandreduction–Antibioticresistance•Typicalformat:50meroligonucleotidearrays•Usefulforstudyingmicrobialcommunities–Functionalgenediversityandactivity–Limitedphylogeneticdiversity.GeoChiporFunctionalGeneArrays(FGAs)GeoChipRoadmap2402Genes24,243Probes150GeneFamilies28,000Probes292GeneFamilies83,992Probes549GeneFamilies268,059Probes2,433GeneFamiliesThemostcomprehensivehighthroughputmetagenomictechnologyforcharacterizingmicrobialcommunityfunctionalstructureandactivities.GeoChip:AhighthroughputtoolforlinkingcommunitystructuretofunctionsHe,Z…J.Zhou.2007.GeoChip:acomprehensivemicroarrayforinvestigatingbiogeochemical,ecologicalandenvironmentalprocesses.TheISMEJ.1:67-77.Highlightedby:•ApressreleasebyNaturePressOffice•ReportedbymanyNewspapers•NationalEcologyObservatoryNetworks(NEON),Roadmap•NationalAcademyofSciences,Metagenomicsreport•R&D100,amongmostoutstanding100technologicalinnovationsandbreakthroughin2009Thetop5citedpapersinISMEJsincelast10years.SummaryofGeoChip5.0probeinformationbyfunctionalgenecategoryGenecategoryNo.ofgenesincategoryNo.ofprobesdesignedNo.ofcoveredsequencesCarboncycling1714499787764Nitrogen401150324631Sulphur28850312657Phosphorus637837141Antibioticresistance352293459141MetalResistance14556552134681OrganicRemediation3493079659064Stress1233411987270Algalvirus1915382981Bacteriaphage4110952083EnergyProcess1112561647Environtoxins36191794Fungifunction109860411457Pigments3632294910Protists8329944017Soilbenefit50955914424Soilbornepathogen15819053512Virulence898879222532Virus4438629462othercategory511184719874Total2,433268,059570,042Nitrogencyclinggenes:numberofprobesd