明喻和暗喻的比较Simile_&_Metaphor

simile英音：['simili]美音：['sɪmə,lɪ]definition•1.Asimileisanexpressedlikeness•2.thesimplestandmostdirectwayofconnotinganideawithsomethingelse.AfigureofspeechcomparingtwoessentiallyunlikethingsandoftenIntroducedbylikeorassimile.•Itisacomparisonbetweentwodistinctlydifferentthingsandthecomparisonisindicatedbythewordasorlike:•Oh,mylove’slikeared,redrose•Thatmancan’tbetrusted.He’sasslipperyasaneel鳗鱼.•Theoldman’shairisaswhiteassnow.•Intheabovethreeexamplespeopleandthingsofdifferentcategoriesarecompared:awomanandarose,amanandaneel,andhairandsnow.Buteachpairhasonesimilarity:loveliness,slipperinessandwhiteness.Thediscrepancybetweenthingscomparedmakestheirsimilarityallthemorestriking.COMMONFORMS:A.LIKE•eyesarenothinglikethesun•Theywillneverbeabletosavemoneytobuyanewhousetheybothspendmoneylikewater.B:AS1.as+adj+as+n•Youareassweetassugar.•Ashotasanoven--ascoldasafrog;热如炉,冷如蛙•Asgayasalark--assickasadog;乐如云雀,累如狗•Asslowasthetortoise--asswiftasthewind;慢如龟,疾如风•2.As+S+V•Menfearsdeath,aschildrenfearstogointhedarK3.As……,so……AsBis…..,soisA…..•Asthelionisthekingofbeasts,soistheeaglekingofbirds4.Asif/asthoughMyhandwritinglooksasifaswarmofants,escapingfromaninkbottle,hadwalkedoverasheetofpaperwithoutwipingtheirlegs.我的笔记看起来就好像一群蚂蚁从墨水瓶里逃出来，没把脚抹干净就在纸上行走似得5.may/mightaswell+V…+as+V•Youmayaswellaskforthemoonas(ask)forabicycle,becauseyouarenotgoingtogeteither.你要自行车就好比要天上的月亮，因为两者中任何一个你都不能得到。C.what•SoapoperaisforTVwhatthepopularnovelisforbook.肥皂剧之于电视，犹如通俗小说之于书籍•Wateristofisheswhatairistomen.鱼之于水，犹如空气于人D.than,nomorethan/notanymore…thanAstudentcannomorethanobtainknowledgewithoutstudyingthanafarmercangetharvestwithoutploughing.学生不学习就不能获得知识，犹如农民不耕种就不能得到收成一样。Ahomewithoutloveisnomorethanabodywithoutasoul.没有爱的家庭无异于一个没有灵魂的躯体Hecannomoreswimthanahammercan.他不能游泳犹如锤子不能游泳一样。E.And，theway•Awordandastoneletgocannotberecalled.说出去的话就如扔出去的石头一样是收不回的。/君子一言，驷马难追•Ishouldsmellitthewayacatsmellamouse.我可以猫嗅老鼠一样闻出他的味道来。F.seem,resemble,treat,compareto,remindof,besimilarto,sotospeak/asitwere等等Hetreatshischildastheappleintheeye.他把孩子当成掌上明珠Metaphor1.ThedefinitionofmetaphorAmetaphorisafigureofspeechinwhichawordorphrasethatordinarilyandprimarilydenotesonethingisappliedtoanotherinanimpliedcomparison.(1).Comparisonisimplied.(2).Itisalsoacomparisonbetweentwounlikeelementswithasimilarquality.Butunlikeasimile,thiscomparisonisimplied,notexpressedwiththewordasorlike.(3).Metaphorcomparestwodifferentthingsbyspeakingofoneintermsoftheother.Unlikeasimileoranalogy,metaphorassertsthatonethingisanotherthing,notjustthatoneislikeanother.2.StructureofmetaphorOntology(本体）被比喻的事物或情境Metaphors（喻体）打比方的事物或情境Pre-figurativeword（喻词）表示比喻关系的词语3.Typesofmetaphor1.nounpattern名词型:AisB(1).Timeismoney.时间就是金钱。(2).Beautywithoutvirtueisarosewithoutfragrance.没有德行的美丽好比没有芬芳的玫。(3).Somepeoplethinkthatmarriageisalottery.有些人认为婚姻是缘分。(4).Heistheeyesandearsofthemanager.他是经理的耳目。(5).GreecewasthecradleofWesternculture.希腊是西方文化的发源地/摇篮。(6).Theoldman'sfaceisamapoftime.那老人脸就是岁月的写照。2.verbpattern动词型:(1).Snowclothestheground.雪覆盖了大地。(2).Astrangerthenisstilldoggingus.一个陌生人仍在跟踪我们。(3).Theyearshavesilveredherhair.岁月已使她的鬓发如霜。(4).Thepopulationmushroomedinthepostwardecades.战后数十年里人口快速增长。(5).Hedoesn'thaveanyideaofhisown.Hejustparrotswhatotherpeoplesay.他没有自己的观点，只会鹦鹉学舌。3.adjectivepattern形容词型:(1).Themountainouswavesswalloweduptheship.山一般的巨浪吞没了那艘船。(2).Iwasallsmiles,lookingforwardtoapleasant,homeyevening.我满心欢喜，盼望度过一个家庭般舒适的夜晚。(3).HegaveMarkawintrysmile.他给玛克一个冷笑。4.-of-phrasepattern:a/the+N1+of+(a)+N2(1).Apolicemanwavedmeoutofthesnakeoftrafficandflaggedmetostop.一位警察招手要我从长蛇般的车流中出来，并挥旗叫我停下。(2).Thelecturerlookeddownattheseaoffacesbeneathhim.演讲者俯视下面无数的面孔。(3).Wehavecomealongwaysincethen,inpartasafruitofhislabors.从那以后，我们取得了巨大进展，其中一部分是他努力的结果。(4).Theytiedpillowsontopoftheirheadsasprotectionagainsttheshowerofrocks.他们把枕头绑在头上以防倾泻而下的岩石。5.idiompattern:(1).Wemendedourfences.我们重修旧好。(2).Failureisthemotherofsuccess.失败乃成功之母(3).Timeismoney.时间就是金钱Differencesbetweensimileandmetaphor◆Structure◆Element◆FunctionStructureAsimilemakesaclearcomparisonbymeansofwordslike,as,asif,as…so…,etc.Ametaphormakesacomparisonwhichisimpliedratherthanstated.Sothemetaphorisalsocalledcondensedsimile(压缩了的明喻).ElementAsimilealwayscontainsthesubjectandthereference,whichareconnectedbysimilemarkers.ItstatesliterallythatAislikeB.Ametaphorcomparethingsimplicitly.Readliterally,itdosenotstatethatthingsarealike;itsaysthattheyarethesamething.Sometimesthereisonlythesubjectandnoreferenceinametaphor.FunctionAgoodsimilecandrawsharperpicturesinthemindthancouldpossiblybedonebyanymeans.Anditexplainsabstractorcomplicatedideaorprocessesinsimple,concreteimagery,soitiseasytounderstand.Suchas:*Herbrownhairwaslikeabird’ssmoothwings.*Recordfelllikeripeapplesonawindyday.*Toreleasetheenergyofstoresofatomsbybombardingwithsub-atomicparticlesislikeshootingbirdsinthedarkinacountrywherethereareveryfewbirds.Ametaphortriestogivedeeperinsightintopersons,things,ideas,evenproblems,thoughsuggestiveassociation;tothrowlightontowhatwouldotherwisebeinconceivabletoordinarypeople.Soit’srelativelydifficulttounderstand,butit’smorebrief,accurat