初中英语牛津上海版八年级上册第四单元语法课课件

Unit4Language广州市第113中学李峥注：本课件感叹句部分参考了天河部落集备资料现在完成时的构成1.现在完成时由“助动词have/has+过去分词”构成，如：Ihaveworkedfortwohours.2.否定句在have/has的后面加not，其余不变。如：Ihavenot/haven‘tworkedfor2hours。3.疑问句将have/has放在主语之前，其余不变。如：Haveyouworkedfor2hours?现在完成时的用法1、表示过去发生的某一动作对现在造成的影响和结果。例如：Peterhasjustleft.(强调他现在已经不在这里)Theyhaveaskedme.(强调他们已经知道了)2、表示过去已经开始，持续到现在的动作或状态Theyhavelivedheresince1987.(现在仍然住在这里)Ihavereadfor2hours.(现在还在读/看。)现在完成时的时间状语：already(已经，用于肯定句),yet(还，用于否定句和疑问句),just(刚刚)，before,once,ever,never,since(自从),for……eg:1.Ihavealreadyfinishedmyjob.2.Hashecleanedtheroomyet?3.Peterhasjustleft.4.Wehavelivedheresince1994.5.TheyhavestayedinJapanfor5years.Homework:用完成时填空,改为否定句,并按要求改写1.He_________(draw)thepictureofthesea.(?)2.We____________(finish)thehomeworkalready.3.___Anne_______(bring)theEnglishbooktoyou.(否定回答)hasdrawnhavefinishedHasbroughtHehasn’tdrawnthepictureofthesea.Hashedrawnthepictureofthesea?Wehaven’tfinishedthehomeworkyet.Whathaveyoufinishedyet?Hasn’tAnnebroughttheEnglishbooktoyou?No,shehasn’t4.They__________(join)theLeague.(?)5.He______(get)tothestation.6.We________(do)somecleaningathome.havejoinedTheyhaven’tjoinedtheleague.HavetheyjoinedtheLeague?hasgotHehasn’tgottothestation.Wherehashegot?havedoneWehaven’tdoneanycleaningathome.Whohasdoneanycleaningathome?现在完成时与过去时的区别：现在完成时的动作发生与过去，但1）这个动作对现在有影响，或者2）这个动作延续到现在。而一般过去时仅仅表示过去发生的某一个动作或存在的状态，与现在无关。例如：Ihaveseenher.Isawher.（表明我现在了解她的有关情况）（仅仅表示我见过她这个事实。）Tips:区分现在完成时和一般过去时的方法1.如果有过去的具体时间，只能用一般过去时eg:HewenttotheUSAin2003.Imethimyesterday.2.如果有already,never,ever,for3hours等短语，常用现在完成时。eg:Ihavealreadyfinishedmyhomework.3.在用when提问的句子中，一般都使用一般过去时。ExercisesA:用所给单词的适当形式填空1.They____toAmericalastyear.(go)2.Myfriend________collegelastmonth.(finish)3.He____________(not,speak)tomesincewe______(fight)witheachother.4.He_______________(never,visit)Hangzhoubefore.5.I____(read)thebookinthelibrarythedaybeforeyesterday.wentfinishedhasn’tspokenfoughthasnevervisitedread6.Bill___________(not,find)hiswatchyet.7.Iamnothungry.I___________(just,have)mydinner.8.He______(call)mejustnow.9.He____just______(call)me.10.Where_____they____(go)lastnight?hasn’tfoundhavejusthadcalledhascalleddidgoExerciseB:改错1.Hehavecomeherealready.2.Theyarrivedattheshopjust.3.Shehasborrowedthebooklastweek.4.Wehaven’thadourbreakfastalready.5.Ireadthebookalready.6.Greatchangeshavetookplacehere.hasjustnow去掉yethavereadtaken区别:have/hasgoneto，have/hasbeento，have/hasbeenin的1.have/hasgoneto表示“已去（某地）”人已离开，不在说话现场。2.have/hasbeento表示“去过（某地）”人已回来(常twice,severaltimes等短语连用）3.have/hasbeenin表示已去，并且还在那里。(常与for3years等短语连用）I.Fillinwithbeento,beeninorgoneto:1.WhereisJane?Shehas_______theshops.Shewillbebacksoon.2.Haveyouever_______America?3.Wehave________thisclasssince2001.4.TheWangshave________Shenzhenformanyyears.Theylikethelifethere.5.Johnhas_______NewYorkinhiscar.He’llstaythenightwithhisfriends.6.Ihave_______NanjingandShanghaiforyears,butIhaven’t_______Wuhan.gonetobeentobeeninbeeningonetobeeninbeentoCanyouuseasentencetotalkaboutthefollowingpicturesHeisveryveryfat!YaoMingisreallytall!Canyouuseanotherwaytosaythesesentences?Maybethesedrillscanhelpyou!!感叹句表示赞美、惊叹、喜悦等感情。感叹句的结构主要有两种：1.How+形容词或副词＋(主语＋谓语)！eg：Howbeautifulthegirlis!Howslowlyheisswimming!2.What+(a/an)+形容词+可数名词单数+(主语＋谓语)！What+形容词+可数名词复数/不可数名词+(主语＋谓语)！eg：Whatabeautifulgirlsheis!Whatcleverboystheyare!Whatinterestingnewsitis!Heisafatman!Whatafatmanheis!Howfatthemanis!YaoMingisatallman!WhatatallmanYaoMingis!HowtallYaoMingis!_____________theweatheris!_____________________itis!Theweatheris_________verycold.HowcoldWhatcoldweatherThebabyisverycute!Howcutethebabyis!Whatacutebabyitis!1.Youarewearinganoldshirt.(what)___________________________________2.Theboysareveryexcited.(how)___________________________________3.Heisafunnyperson.(what)___________________________________4.Sheisveryunlucky.(how)___________________________________5.Wehavewatchedanexcitingsciencefictionfilm.(what)___________________________________Whatanoldshirtyou’rewearing!Howexcitedtheboysare!Whatafunnypersonheis!Howunluckysheis!Whatanexcitingsciencefictionfilmwehavewatched!