软件编程思想-review

第一章Python概述□Python的小例子□Python起源□Python特点□Python运行与开发环境Python的小例子Python特点√高级√面向对象√可扩展√可移植√易学√易读√健壮性√内存管理√解释性第二章Python起步√输入、输出√注释√操作符√变量与赋值√类型√缩进√循环与条件√文件√错误√函数√类√模块程序输入num=raw_input('Nowenteranumber')Nowenteranumber:1024print‘Doublingyournumber:%d'%(int(num)*2)Doublingyournumber:2048第三章Python基础√语句和语法√变量赋值√标识符和关键字√基本风格指南√内存管理√第一个Python程序模块结构和布局#(1)起始行(Unix)#(2)模块文档#(3)模块导入#(4)变量定义#(5)类定义#(6)函数定义#(7)主程序增加引用计数□对象被创建x=3.14□另外的别名被创建y=x□被作为参数传递给函数foobar(x)□或成为容器对象的一个元素myList=[123,x,'xyz']√减少引用计数□一个本地引用离开了其作用范围。函数结束□对象的别名被显式的销毁。dely□对象被从一个窗口对象中移除myList.remove(x)□窗口对象本身被销毁delmyList√垃圾收集Python程序ls=os.linesepwhileTrue:fname=raw_input('')ifos.path.exists(fname):printERROR:'%s'alreadyexists%fnameelse:breakall=[]print\nEnterlines('.'byitselftoquit).\n“whileTrue:entry=raw_input('')ifentry=='.':breakelse:all.append(entry)printallfobj=open(fname,'w')fobj.writelines(['%s%s'%(x,ls)forxinall])fobj.close()fname=raw_input('enterfilename:')try:fobj=open(fname,'r')exceptIOError,e:print***fileopenerror:,eelse:foreachLineinfobj:printeachLine,fobj.close()第四章Python对象√Python对象√内建类型√标准类型运算符√值的比较√对象身份比较√布尔类型√标准类型内建函数√标准类型总览√各种类型√不支持的类型标准类型√数字√整型√布尔型√长整型√浮点型√复数型√字符串√列表√元组√字典√Null对象(None)√文件√集合/固定集合√函数/方法√模块√类第五章数字√数的简介√整型√布尔型√标准的整型√长整型√浮点型实数√复数√操作符√内建函数√其它数字类型√相关模块√布尔型√整型√双精度浮点数√复数第六章序列：字符串、列表和元组√序列简介√字符串√列表√元组序列是由一些成员共同组成的一个整体。序列：包括字符串(普通字符串和unicode字符串)，列表，和元组类型。字符串：字符列表类型和元组类型：Python对象序列类型操作符成员关系操作符(in,notin)操作符作用seq[ind]获得下标为ind的元素seq[ind1:ind2]获得下标从ind1到ind2间的元素集合seq*expr序列重复expr次seq1+seq2连接序列seq1和seq2objinseq判断obj元素是否包含在seq中objnotinseq判断obj元素是否不包含在seq中切片操作符([],[:],[::])print('Faye','Leanna','Daylen')[1]Leannanames=('Faye','Leanna','Daylen')printnames[4]Traceback(mostrecentcalllast):Filestdin,line1,in?IndexError:tupleindexoutofrangek=[a,b,c]k.extend(range(-1,-5,-1))k['a','b','c',-1,-2,-3,-4]内建函数(BIFs):序列、迭代序列类型转换函数函数含义list(iter)把可迭代对象转换为列表str(obj)把obj对象转换成字符串(对象的字符串表示法)unicode(obj)把对象转换成Unicode字符串tuple(iter)把一个可迭代对象转换成一个元组对象字符串的创建和赋值aString='HelloWorld!’anotherString=Pythoniscool!”printaStringHelloWorld!anotherString'Pythoniscool!'s=str(range(4))s'[0,1,2,3]'删除字符串aString='HelloWorld!'aString=aString[:3]+aString[4:]aString'HeloWorld!‘aString=''aString''delaString6.3字符串和操作符标准类型操作符str1='abc'str2='lmn'str3='xyz'str1str2Truestr2!=str3Truestr1str3andstr2=='xyz'False序列操作符切片([]和[:])√正向索引√反向索引√默认索引aString='abcd'len(aString)4aString[0]'a‘aString[2:4]'cd'aString[4]Traceback(innermostlast):Filestdin,line1,in?IndexError:stringindexoutofrangeaString[-1]'d'aString[-3:-1]'bc'aString[-4]'a‘aString[2:]'cd‘aString[:-1]'abc'aString[:]'abcd'成员操作符(in,notin)'bc'in'abcd'True'n'in'abcd'False'nm'notin'abcd'True标识符合法性检查importstringalphas=string.letters+'_‘nums=string.digitsinp=raw_input('Identifiertotest?')iflen(myInput)1:ifmyInput[0]notinalphas:print'''invalid:firstsymbolmustbealphabetic''‘else:forotherCharinmyInput[1:]:ifotherCharnotinalphas+nums:print'''invalid:remainingsymbolsmustbealphanumeric''‘Breakelse:printokayasanidentifier字符串格式化操作符(%)'%s%s'%('Spanish','Inquisition')'SpanishInquisition‘s=''.join(('Spanish','Inquisition','MadeEasy'))s'SpanishInquisitionMadeEasy‘#noneedtoimportstringtousestring.upper():('%s%s'%(s[:3],s[20])).upper()'SPAM''Host:%s\tPort:%d'%('mars',80)'Host:marsPort:80‘num=123'dec:%d/oct:%#o/hex:%#X'%(num,num,num)'dec:123/oct:0173/hex:0X7B‘MM/DD/YY=%02d/%02d/%d%(2,15,67)'MM/DD/YY=02/15/67‘w,p='Web','page''(w,p)'字符串模板TemplatefromstringimportTemplates=Template('Thereare${howmany}${lang}QuotationSymbols')prints.substitute(lang='Python',howmany=3)Thereare3PythonQuotationSymbolsprints.safe_substitute(lang='Python')Thereare${howmany}PythonQuotationSymbolsquest='whatisyourfavoritecolor?'quest.capitalize()'Whatisyourfavoritecolor?‘quest.center(40)'whatisyourfavoritecolor?‘quest.count('or')2quest.endswith('blue')Falsequest.endswith('color?')Truequest.find('or',30)-1列表创建列表赋值aList=[123,'abc',4.56,['inner','list'],7-9j]anotherList=[None,'somethingtoseehere']printaList[123,'abc',4.56,['inner','list'],(7-9j)]aListThatStartedEmpty=[]printaListThatStartedEmpty[]list('foo')['f','o','o']访问列表中的值aList[0]123aList[1:4]['abc',4.56,['inner','list']]aList[:3][123,'abc',4.56]aList[3][1]'list'更新列表aList[123,'abc',4.56,['inner','list'],(7-9j)]aList[2]4.56aList[2]='floatreplacer'aList[123,'abc','floatreplacer',['inner','list'],(7-9j)]anotherList.append(hi,i'mnewhere)printanotherList[None,'somethingtoseehere',hi,i'mnewhere]aListThatStartedEmpty.append('notemptyanymore')printaListThatStartedEmpty['notemptyanymore']删除列表中的元素aList[123,'abc','floatreplacer',['inner','list'],(7-9j)]delaList[1]aList[123,'floatreplacer',['inner','list'],(7-9j)]aList.remove(123)aList['floatreplacer',['inner','list'],(7-9j)]delaList切片([]和[:])num_list=[43,-1.23,-2,6.19e5]