Lesson four A drink in the Passage

LessonFourADrinkinthePassage1.–wide:extendingoreffectivethroughoutaspecifiedareaorregion:广泛的：特定地区或区域内的，或在此范围内有效的：nationwide全国性的worldwide全世界的countrywide全国的citywide全市的statewide全州的pel--topush,compel强迫，被迫，迫使dispel消除，驱散，赶走expel开除，驱逐，赶走impel推进，驱动,激励propel推进，推动propeller推进器，螺旋桨repel击退，使厌恶，抵制compellinga激发兴趣的，十分吸引人的ver--toturnavert转移（目光，思想等），防止revert使颠倒，使回转，回复divert转移，转向convert变换，转变pervert反常invert使颠倒，使转化，转化的introvert使内向，内省，内向性格的人extrovert外向性格的人subvert推翻，in-notincomprehensible不能理解的inarticulate口齿不清的，不善表达的insoluble不能溶解的，不能解决的indisputable无争论之余地的inhuman野蛮的inhospitable冷淡的，不好客的Inharmonious不和谐的1.ThePresident'sspeech____________thenationtogreater(compelled,expelled,impelled,propelled)efforts.impelled2.Theillegalimmigrantswere___________fromthecountry.(dispelled,expelled,repelled,compelled)expelled3.Herrudeness_____________everyone.(dispels,compels,repels,propels)repels1.Ifhedieswithoutanheir,hisproperty____________tothestate(averts,converts,inverts,reverts)reverts2.Mymotherhas____________toCatholicism.(perverted,converted,averted,inverted)converted3.Scientificknowledgewas____________tohelpcausedestructionandwarperverted4.Thechairswere_____________onthetable.(diverted,reverted,averted,inverted)invertedVocabulary(page113)1)tocelebrateitsGoldenJubilee2)toexciteadmiration3)totouchtheconscience4)towintheprize5)toreceiveareprimand6)toomitthewords7)torenouncetheirprizes8)toavertacrisis9)toattendtheceremony10)toexhibitaworkofart11)toindugeinpleasure12)toguardachild13)tofeeluptodoit14)tobringsthtoaclose15)towavesbin16)tosavesbfromasituation17)totalkoutone’shearttosb18)toknocksbdown19)topoursbadrink20)toraiseone’sglassSouthAfricaWorldCup2010南非世界杯吉祥物是“扎库米”，一只长着一头绿色非洲卷发的可爱豹子将作为2010年南非世界杯足球决赛的吉祥物。据英国广播公司23日报道，组委会不但为这个小豹子取名“扎库米”(Zakumi)，还为它打造了一份履历，根据“扎库米”的履历，它出生于1994年6月16日。这是南非种族隔离政策宣告结束的日子。这一天同时也是南非的“青年节”，以纪念1976年在白人统治下爆发的反种族隔离政策的南非青年抗议示威。mascot德班大球场DurbanStadium足球城市球场是本次赛会的“主场”——它将承办揭幕战和决赛足球城市球场（SoccerCityStadium）城市：约翰内斯堡当前状态：翻新建设中竣工时间：2009年容量：94700人海风习习，能否掩盖球场中的肃杀和紧张气氛？纳尔逊-曼德拉海湾球场（NelsonMandelaBayStadium）城市：伊丽莎白港当前状态：新建中竣工时间：2009年上半年容量：50000人纳尔逊-曼德拉海湾球场选址于北湖阿尔弗雷德王子公园的河岸边，三面环水，球场顶部的设计也别有洞天，每块天顶如同花瓣一般，将球场围成一朵开在水边的“莲花”。PretoriaBloemfonteinCapeTownDurbanPortElizabethJohannesburgGeographyArea:1.2millionsq.km.(470,462sq.mi.).Cities:Capitals--administrative,Pretoria;(比勒陀利亚)(Tshwane)legislative,CapeTown;(开普敦)judicial,Bloemfontein.,(布隆方丹)Othercities--JohannesburgDurban,PortElizabeth.Terrain:Plateau,savanna(大草原）,desert,mountains,coastalplains.Climate:moderate;similartosouthernCalifornia.DurbanJohannesburgCapeTownPalaceHotelinSunCityPopulation(2007,47.9million)Composition--black79.7%;white9.1%;colored8.8%;AsiansLanguages:Afrikaans(南非荷兰语）,English,etc.Religions:PredominantlyChristian;traditionalAfrican,Hindu,Muslim,Jewish.Education:Yearscompulsory--7-15yearsofageforallchildren.GovernmentType:Parliamentarydemocracy.Independence:TheUnionofSouthAfricawascreatedonMay31,1910;becameasovereignstate（主权国）withinBritishEmpirein1934;becamearepubliconMay31,1961;lefttheCommonwealthinOctober1968;rejoinedtheCommonwealthinJune1994.Constitution:enteredintoforceFebruary3,1997.Until1991,SouthAfricanlawdividedthepopulationintofourmajorracialcategories:Africans(black),whites,coloreds,andAsians.Althoughthislawhasbeenabolished,manySouthAfricansstillviewthemselvesandeachotheraccordingtothesecategories.BlackAfricanscompriseabout80%ofthepopulationandaredividedintoanumberofdifferentethnicgroups.Whitescomprisejustover9%ofthepopulation.TheyareprimarilydescendantsofDutch,French,English,andGermansettlerswhobeganarrivingattheCapeofGoodHopeinthelate17thcentury.Coloredsaremixed-racepeopleprimarilydescendingfromtheearliestsettlersandtheindigenouspeoples.Theycompriseabout9%ofthetotalpopulation.AsiansaredescendedfromIndianworkersbroughttoSouthAfricainthemid-19thcenturytoworkonthesugarestatesinNatal.Theyconstituteabout2.2%ofthepopulationandareconcentratedintheKwaZulu-NatalProvince.SouthAfricawascolonizedbytheEnglishandDutchinthe17thcentury.EnglishdominationoftheDutchdescendents(knownasBoersorAfrikaners)resultedintheDutchestablishingthenewcoloniesofOrangeFreeState(奥兰治自由邦)andTransvaal(德兰土瓦共和国).Thediscoveryofdiamondsintheselandsaround1900resultedinanEnglishinvasionwhichsparkedtheBoerWar.FollowingindependencefromEngland,anuneasypower-sharingbetweenthetwogroupsheldswayuntilthe1940’s,whentheAfrikanerNationalPartywasabletogainastrongmajority.StrategistsintheNationalPartyinventedapartheidasameanstocementtheircontrolovertheeconomicandsocialsystem.Initially,aimoftheapartheidwastomaintainwhitedominationwhileextendingracialseparation.Startinginthe1960s,aplanof“GrandApartheid”wasexecuted,emphasizingterritorialseparationandpolicerepression.Withtheenactmentofapartheidlawsin1948,racialdiscriminationwasinstitutionalized.Racelawstouchedeveryaspectofsociallife,includingaprohibitionofmarriagebetweennon-whitesandwhites,andthesanctioningof“white-only”jobs.•In1950,thePopulationRegistrationActrequiredthatallSouthAfricansberaciallyclassifiedintooneofthreecategories:•white,black(African),orcolored(ofmixeddescent)