医学专业英语课件_17

MedicalsystemintheUS---MayoclinicZhiHuaRanDepartmentofgastroenterologyRenJiHospitalHistoryofMayoclinic•MayoClinicevolvedgraduallyfromthefrontierpracticeofDr.WilliamW.Mayoandhistwosons---Dr.WilliamJ.MayoandCharlesH.Mayo.Dr.MayoandhistwosonsDr.WilliamW.MayoDr.CharlesH.MayoDr.WilliamJ.MayoHistory---KeyDates•Dr.WilliamW.MayoemigratedfromEnglandtotheUSin1846•Becameadoctorin1863•AppointedasaCivilWarexaminingsurgeonfortheUnionenrollmentboard,firstMinnesotadistrict•MovedtoRochesterin1864History---KeyDates•Histwosonsbegantheirmedicaltrainingearly,firstbyobserving,andlaterbyassistingtheirfatheronpatientvisitandwithautopsiesWecamealonginmedicinelikefarmboysdoonafarm---Dr.WilliamJ.MayoDr.WilliamJ.Mayo•Theelderbrother,graduatedfromUniversityofMichiganMedicalSchoolin1883Dr.CharlesH.Mayo•Theyoungerbrother,graduatedfromChicagoMedicalCollegeofNorthwestUniversityin1888History---KeyDates•1864---Dr.WilliamWorrallMayomovestoRochester•1883and1888---Dr.Mayo’stwosons,WilliamandCharles,joinhiminpracticeaftertheyhadfinishedmedicalschool•1883---AtornadostrikesRochester.MotherAlfredMoes,founderoftheSisterofSt.Francis,proposestobuildandstaffahospitalifDr.W.W.Mayoandsonswillprovidemedicalcare.•1889---SaintMarysHospitalopenswith27beds•1892---FirstpartneraddedtoMayofamilypractice.Morephysiciansareinvolvedtojoin,thusbeginningtheconceptofmedicalteamwork.History---KeyDates•1905---Dr.LouisWilsondevelopsarapidwaytodiagnosesurgicalspecimens(quick-frozentissuesectionstainedwithmethyleneblue),whichallowsMayosurgeonstoexplore,diagnose,andrepairallinoneoperation•1907---Patientregistrationnumber“1”givenout.5000patientsregisterat“Mayoclinic”,asithascometoknown•1914---Mayoisolatesthroxin,theprincipleactivecomponentofthethyroidgland.Thisisonlysecondtimethatapurehormonehasbeenisolated•1915---Organizationoftheworld’sfirstformalgraduatetrainingprogramforphysicians,theMayoSchoolofGraduateMedicalEducation•1919---TheMayoturnovertheassetsoftheMayoclinictothenonprofitMayoPropertiesAssociation,theforerunnerofMayoFoundationHistory---KeyDates•1920---Mayodevelopsasystemforgradingcancernumerically,whichisadoptedworldwideandstillusedtoday•1925---Dr.WilliamH.Goeckermanreportsontheuseoftarandultravioletlighttosuccessfullytreatpsoriasis.Thisisatherapeuticbreakthroughthatremainsahighlyeffectivetreatmentforpsoriasis•1926---MayoClinicProceedingsbeginspublication•1930s---Mayoscientistspioneermethodsformeasuringmotilityoftheesophagusandadaptthemforclinicaltestingnowusedworldwide•1934---EdwardC.Kendall,Ph.D,isolatescortisone,ahormonefromthesuprarenalcortexthatwilllaterbeusedtotreatrhematoidarthritiswithdramaticresultsHistory---KeyDates•1938---Dr.FrederickMoerschfirstreportsmedianthenarneuritis(carpaltunnelsyndrome)•1939---WilliamandCharlesMayodiewithinafewmonthsofeachother•1944---Firsttherapeuticapplicationofstreptomycintotreattuberculosis.•1947---DiscoveryofFactorVII,ablood-clottingcomponent•1950---Drs.EdwardC.KendallandPhilipS.HenchareawardedtheNobelPrizeforisolationandfirstclinicaluseofcortisoneFirsthumandiagnosticcardiccatherization•1955---MayoisamongthefirsttoperformsuccessfulopenheartsurgerytorepaircongenitalheartabnormalitiesafterrefiningtheGibbonheart-lungbypassmachineHistory---KeyDates•1965---ComputermonitoringofpatientsintroducedinCardiacCareUnitatSaintMarysHospital•1966---Dr.LeonardKurlandintroducestheRochesterEpidemiologyProject,amedicalrecords-linkagesystemthathasmadeOlmstedCountyoneoffewplacesintheworldwheretheoccurrenceandnaturalhistoryofdiseasecanbeaccuratelydescribed.Theprojecthasgeneratemorethan1,000publicationonlong-termincidence,prevalence,andmortalityratesformanydiseases•1969---FirstFDAapprovedtotalhipreplacementintheUS•1972---MayoMedicalSchoolopens•1973---MayointroducesthefirstCTscannerinNorthAmericanHistory---KeyDates•1976---TheNorthCentralCancerTreatmentGroupiscreated•1980---Mayoresearchersareamongthefirsttoproposeintensiveinsulintherapytoreducethecomplicationofdiabetes•1986---MayoClinicRochester,SaintMarysHospital,andRochesterMethodistHospitalintegrate•1986---MayoexpandsoutsideMinnesotaforthefirsttimewiththeopeningofMayoclinicinJacksonville,Fla•1987---MayoClinicopensinScottsdale,Ariz.AndSt.Luke’shospital,Jacksonville,FlaMayoClinicRochestergoessmoke-free,ofthefirstmedicalcentersinthecountrytodoso•1990---MayoresearchershelpidentifythesourceofillnessaffectingpeopletakinghealthsupplementL-tryptophanHistory---KeyDates•1992---Mayobeginstoformaregionalnetworkofclinicsandhospital•1994---Mayostudyfindsnolinkbetweenbreastimplantsandconnectivetissuedisease•1995---Mayoopensitwebsite•1996---MayoEugenioLittaChildren’shospitalopens,partofSaintMarysHospitalinRochester•1998---MayoClinicHospitalopensinPhoenix,Ariz.•2000---MayoClinicTransplantCenteropensinRochesterprovidingasinglesettingwherepatientreceivealloftheirtransplantservice–fromevaluationtofollow-upTheBeginningofGroupPractice•Pressedbythedemandsoftheirbusysurgicalpracticeandtheexplodinggrowthofmedicalknowledge,theMayobrothersinvitedotherstojointtheirpractice:AugustusStinchfield(1892)ChristopherGraham(1895)Melv