句子简化题

新托福阅读之——句子简化题Erica•检查考生对于句子逻辑关系、句子基本信息的准确把握要求考生选出一个句子，其意思必须与文中某个句子（通常用阴影标识出来）的主要意思一致。•题目问法固定：Whichofthesentencesbelowbestexpressestheessentialinformationinthehighlightedsentenceinthepassage?Incorrectchoiceschangethemeaninginimportantwaysorleaveoutessentialinformation.识别sentencesimplificationquestion•找到句子主干，并且进行正确的改写paraphraserephrase本质：主谓宾简单句的解法：主谓宾，剔除定状补同等其他成分复合句的构成：并列or主从关系的简单句复合句解法：1.谓语动词---简单句的数量2.连词或关联词•毫无疑问，深蓝色公交车上的这个老男人吸引了无数路上行人的目光。•老男人吸引目光。路上行人欲断魂~~~句子简化之老人版~~~•Itisdoubtlessthattheoldmanonthedarkbluebusisdrawingalotofattentionfromthepassersby.Theoldmanisdrawingattention.解题原则•1、不需要大量阅读，精读一句话•2、原句谈论的主体不变•3、正确答案只表达了主要信息•4、原句逻辑关系不变1.逻辑关系与原句一致主要四种句子逻辑关系•因果关系•比较关系(转折关系)•最高级•否定关系•.......•因果关系•because,becauseof,since,for,as,dueto,owingto,inthat,so,sothat,asaresult,therefore,thereby,hence,consequently,accordingly.因果逻辑关系•隐含因果关系：leadto,cause,result,resultin,giveriseto,render,produce,make,support,support,stimulate,spur,spark,fuel,motivate,prompt.•表示由……而来的:comefrom,resultfrom,originate,derivefrom,initiatefrom,stemfrom,beattibutableto,beresponsiveto.•表示反映,体现的:reflect,present,suggest,show,imply,demonstrate.•表示考虑到…,依赖…:give,considering,onaccountof,inviewof,thanksto,accordingto,relyon,dependon,resortto.•本身含有最高级含义的词汇:maximum,minimum,outstanding,extreme.等•程度较深的词有surprisingly,amazingly,prohibitively否定逻辑关系•明显否定关系的特色词汇有:no,not,none,never,neither,deny，•再有隐含否定关系的特色词汇:failto,absentfrom,lack,lackof,refuse,few,little,•做题练手•Becauseofthis,someseedesertificationasessentiallyahuman-causedproblemaffectinghumans.Criticsofthisviewarguethathumansarejustoneofmanyconcurrentfactorscausingdesertification,Reynoldssaid.Anothermajorfactorisclimate,especiallydrought.Criticsaddthatnotallchangeshaveanimmediateordirectimpactonhumans,andthathowmucheachfactorcontributestodrylanddeteriorationisnotclear.•Whichofthesentencesbelowbestexpressestheessentialinformationinthehighlightedsentenceinthepassage?Incorrectchoiceschangethemeaninginimportantwaysorleaveoutessentialinformation.幻灯片13•A.Humansaredirectlyinfluencedbysomechangesanditisnotknowntowhatextentdrylandhasbeenaffectedbyeachelement.•B.Humansarenotimpactedbychanges,buthowmucheachfactorleadstodrylandisclear.•C.Humanshaveanimmediateeffectonallchangesanditisnotmadepublichowmucheachfactorgivesrisetodryland.•D.Itisnotclearhowmucheachelementleadstodrylandchanges,socriticsdonotbelievethatchangeshaveanimmediateeffectonhumans.•幻灯片14•Becauseofthis,someseedesertificationasessentiallyahuman-causedproblemaffectinghumans.Criticsofthisviewarguethathumansarejustoneofmanyconcurrentfactorscausingdesertification,Reynoldssaid.Anothermajorfactorisclimate,especiallydrought.Criticsaddthatnotallchangeshaveanimmediateordirectimpactonhumans,andthathowmucheachfactorcontributestodrylanddeteriorationisnotclear.•幻灯片13•Becauseofthis,someseedesertificationasessentiallyahuman-causedproblemaffectinghumans.Criticsofthisviewarguethathumansarejustoneofmanyconcurrentfactorscausingdesertification,Reynoldssaid.Anothermajorfactorisclimate,especiallydrought.Criticsaddthatnotallchangeshaveanimmediateordirectimpactonhumans,andthathowmucheachfactorcontributestodrylanddeteriorationisnotclear.Vocabularydesertificationanti-desertification2.基本意思与原句一致•Thestrutureofthebackboneshows,however,thatAmbulocetusswamlikemodernwhalesbymovingtherearportionofitsbodyupanddown,eventhoughaflukewasmissing.•Whichofthesentencesbelowbestexpressestheessentialinformationinthehighlightedsentenceinthepassage?Incorrectchoiceschangethemeaninginimportantwaysorleaveoutessentialinformation.幻灯片17•A.EventhoughAmbulocetusswambymovingitsbodyupanddown,itdidnothaveabackbone.•B.ThebackboneofAmbulocetus,whichallowedittoswim,providesevidenceofitsmissingfluke.•C.AlthoughAmebulocetushadnofluke,itsbackbonestructureshowsthatitswamlikemodernwhales.•D.Bymovingtherearpartsoftheirbodiesupanddown,modernwhalesswiminadifferentwayfromthewayAmbulocetusswam.•幻灯片18•Thestrutureofthebackboneshows,however,thatAmbulocetusswamlikemodernwhalesbymovingtherearportionofitsbodyupanddown,eventhoughaflukewasmissing.•幻灯片17•Thestrutureofthebackboneshows,however,thatAmbulocetusswamlikemodernwhalesbymovingtherearportionofitsbodyupanddown,eventhoughaflukewasmissing.VocabularyAmbulocetusfluke有代表性的错误类型•和所给文章的内容不符•遗漏所给文章中的核心信息总结解题原则•1、不需要大量阅读，精读一句话•2、原句谈论的主体不变•3、正确答案只表达了主要信息•4、原句逻辑关系不变