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当前位置:首页 > 中学教育 > 初中教育 > 主谓一致、强调句和倒装句、情态动词和虚拟语气讲解以及习题详细解析
主谓一致、强调句和倒装句、情态动词和虚拟语气讲解以及习题详细解析主谓一致主谓一致是指一个句子的主语和谓语动词保持人称与数的一致关系。有些句子不易直接看出主语的单复数,需仔细推敲。处理主谓一致要注意语法一致,意义上一致和就近一致。一、语法上的一致一个句子的主语是单数时,谓语动词也应是单数形式,主语是复数,谓语动词也用复数形式。例如:LearningEnglishisveryimportant.学习英语是很重要的。ThegirltogetherwithhertwosistershasleftforNanjing.BothBobandTomaremyfriends.但如果并列的主语指的是同一个人,同一类物,谓语动词要用单数形式。例如:Asingeranddancerisgoingtoattendourmeeting.由and连接的并列单数主语前,如果分别有each,every等修饰时,谓语要用单数。例如:Everyboyandeverygirlwasgivenapresent.Eachwordandeachphraseinthedictionaryisimportant.二、意义上的一致主语形式是单数,但意义为复数,谓语动词根据意义要用复数;反之主语形式为复数,但意义为单数,谓语动词也用单数。如表示一笔钱,一段时间,一定重量时,这些单位虽是复数形式,但谓语动词是单数形式。例如:Itseemstomethatfiveyearsissoshortatime.Twohundreddollarswasspentonthebooks.有些集体名词,如family,group,class等作主语时,作为整体看待,谓语动词要用单数,就其中一个个成员而言,谓语要用复数。例如:Myfamilyisahappyone.MyfamilyarewatchingTV.三、就近一致出现几个主语时,谓语动词的人称单复数须和最近的主语保持一致。Therebe,Herebe句型中动词的单复数必须与后置的第一个主语保持一致。当be后面的主语有两个或两个以上的并列成分时,be动词往往与最邻近的一个一致。例如:Thereisanorange,twoapplesandmanybananasonthetable.Therearetwobooksandadictionaryonthedesk.两个做主语的名词或代词由either…or…,neither…nor…,notonly…butalso等连接时,谓语动词用靠近原则。例如:NeitheryounorIamright.Notonlythestudentsbutalsotheteacherisgoingtoattendthemeeting.但如果用aswellas连接两个主语用靠前原则例如:Maryaswellasyouismyfriend.二、历届高考试题分析例1、Heistheonlyoneofthestudentswho_______awinnerofscholarshipforthreeyears.A.isB.areC.havebeenD.hasbeen答案为D。【解析】这是一个定语从句。在one前是否有定冠词决定定语从句中的谓语动词的单复数形式:oneofthestudents中的先行词是thestudents,定语从句中的谓语动词要用复数形式。theonlyoneofthestudents中的先行词是theonlyone,定语从句中的谓语动词要用单数形式。又因“forthreeyears”是完成时的标志。例2、ProfessorSmith,alongwithhisassistants,____ontheprojectdayandnighttomeetthedeadline.A.workB.workingC.isworkingD.areworking答案:C【解析】ProfessorSmith决定谓语动词的数;hisassistants和谓语动词的数无关。例3、Notonly______interestedinfootballbut______beginningtoshowaninterestinit.A.theteacherhimselfis…allhisstudentsareB.theteacherhimselfis…areallhisstudentsC.istheteacherhimself…areallhisstudentsD.istheteacherhimself…allhisstudentsare答案为D.【解析】notonly…but(also)连结两个句子,用部分倒装。例4、----“Eachofthestudents,workinghardathisorherlessons,_____togotouniversity.”----“SodoI.”A.hopeB.hopesC.hopingD.hoped答案为B。【解析】“eachof+名词复数”谓语用单数。例5、E-mail,aswellastelephone,______animportantpartindailycommunication.A.isplayingB.haveplayedC.areplayingD.hoped答案为A。【解析】本题考察主谓一致,当主语后面跟有aswellas短语时,其后的谓语动词不受aswellas之后的名词影响,仍然和主语在人称和数上保持一致。例6、Booksofthiskind______well.A.sellB.sellsC.aresoldD.issold答案为A。【解析】“kind(s)of+名词”作主语时,谓语动词的数依kind单复数而定;“复数名词+ofthis/thatkind”作主语时,谓语动词的数依of前面的名词而定。本题中sell用作不及物动词表示“销售”。例7、Everypossiblemeans______topreventtheairpollution,buttheskyisstillnotclear.A.isusedB.areusedC.hasbeenusedD.havebeenused答案为C。【解析】mean单数复数一个形式。在本题中代表单数。例8、Whenandwheretogofortheon-salaryholiday______yet.A.arenotdecidedB.havenotbeendecidedC.isnotbeingdecidedD.hasnotbeendecided答案为D。【解析】不定式作主语,谓语动词用单数。例9、Thenumberofpeopleinvited______fifty,butanumberofthem_____absentfordifferentreasons.A.were,wasB.was,wasC.was,wereD.were,were答案为C。【解析】“thenumberof”表示“……的数量”,谓语用单数;“anumberof”表示“许多”,谓语用复数。例10、______ofthelandinthatdistrict______coveredwithtreesandgrass.A.Twofifth…isB.Twofifth…areC.Twofifths…isD.Twofifths…are答案为C。【解析】考察数词和主谓一致。分数词在句中作主语时,谓语动词必须跟分数词所修饰的名词保持数的一致。练习1.One-thirdofthearea_____coveredwithgreentrees.Aboutseventypercentofthetrees_____beenplanted.A.are;haveB.is;hasC.is;haveD.are;has解析:C,“分数或百分数+ofthe+名词或代词”作主语时,谓语动词的单、复数形式取决于名词或代词的单、复数形式。2.Thenumberofteachersinourcollege_____greatlyincreasedlastterm.Anumberofteachersinthisschool_____fromthecountryside.A.was;isB.was;areC.were;areD.were;is解析:B,“thenumberof+名词”作主语,谓语动词常用单数形式。“anumberof+名词”作主语,谓语动词常用复数形式。3.What_____thepopulationofChina?One-thirdofthepopulation_____workershere.A.is;areB.are;areC.is;isD.are;is解析:A,“分数或百分数+ofthepopulation”作主语,谓语动词常用复数形式。4.Notonlyhebutalsowe_____right.Heaswellaswe_____right.A.are;areB.are;isC.is;isD.is;are解析:B,or,either...or,neither...nor,notonly...butalso等(关联)连词连接两个并列主语时,谓语动词的数按“就近原则”处理。注意:即使在疑问句中,动词的数也应与最近的主语保持一致。aswellas连接两个并列主语时,谓语动词的数应与前一主语保持一致。5.Whathe’dlike_____adigitalwatch.Whathe’dlike_____textbooks.A.are;areB.is;isC.is;areD.are;is解析:C,what引导的名词性从句作主语时,谓语动词常用单数形式。但当作表语的名词为复数,或what从句是一个具有复数意义的并列结构时,谓语动词常用复数形式,如:WhatIsayandthinkarenobusinessofyours.6.Heisoneoftheboyswho_____hereontime.Heistheonlyoneoftheboyswho_____hereontime.A.hascome;havecomeB.havecome;hascomeC.hascome;hascomeD.havecome;havecome解析:B,在“oneof+复数名词+定语从句”的结构中,定语从句中谓语动词常用复数;在“the(only)oneof+复数名词+定语从句”的结构中,定语从句中谓语动词常用单数。7.Eitheryouorhe_____interestedinplayingchess._____youorhefondofmusicatpresent?A.are;AreB.is;AreC.are;IsD.is;Is解析:B8.Manyaprofessor_____lookingforwardtovisitingGermanynow.Manyscientists_____studiedanimalsandplantsinthelasttwoyears.A.is;haveB.is;hasC.are;haveD.is;are解析:A,“manya+单数名词,morethanone+单数名词”作主语,尽管从意义上看是复数,但谓语常用单数形式。9.Aknifeandafork_____onthetable.Aknifeandfork_____onthetable.A.is;isB.are;areC.are;isD.is;are解析:C,通常情况下,由and或both…and连接两个单数形式的名词(词组)作主语时,谓语动词常用复数形式。当并列主语在意义上指同一人、同一物、同一事或同一概念时,谓语动词则常用单数形式。10.Herfamily_____muchlargerthanminefouryearsago.Herfamily_____dancingandsingingwhenIcameinlastnight.A.were;wasB.was;wereC.was;wasD.were;were解析:B,第一句的herf
本文标题:主谓一致、强调句和倒装句、情态动词和虚拟语气讲解以及习题详细解析
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