0【英语语法课件】之――10.英文时态(四)：完成进行时

第13讲英文时态（四）：完成进行时完成进行动作：1、现在完成进行（have∕hasbeendoing）2、过去完成进行（hadbeendoing）3、将来完成进行（willhavebeendoing）形式：havebeendoing意义：具有完成和进行两方面的特点；表示一个动作在现在、过去或者将来的某一活动或时间之前的一段时间里一直在进行，强调动作的持续性。1.现在完成进行时：在现在之前的一段时间里一直在持续的动作。Ithasbeenrainingallday.Itisstillrainingrightnow.2.过去完成进行时：在过去的某一活动或时间之前的一段时间里一直在持续的动作。Ihadbeenwaitingforherfortwohourswhenshefinallyturnedup.3.将来完成进行时：在将来的某一活动或时间之前的一段时间里一直在持续的动作。这个动作开始的时间可能是过去。ProfessorSmithwillhavebeenteachingfor50yearswhenheretiresnextmonth.一、现在完成进行1.用法（一）：到现在仍然在延续的动作⑴与一段时间连用强调动作的持续性，表示开始于过去的动作持续到现在，并且活动还没有结束，还将继续持续下去（注意：现在完成时则表示“动作可能只延续到说话时为止”）。此时的完成进行时常与for＋时间段、since＋时间点、allmorning、allday、allweek这样的表示一段时间的时间状语连用，以强调在这一期间，某项活动正在持续。例：①Itbeganrainingtwohoursagoandit’sstillraining.Ithasbeenrainingfortwohours.②Itbeganrainingat8o’clock.Nowit’sstillraining.Ithasbeenrainingsince8o’clock.Ithasbeenrainingallday.③Ithasbeensnowingallday.Iwonderwhenitwillstop.④Thesepopfanshavebeenwaitingforthefamoussingerfornearlythreehoursinthecold,buthestillhasn’tshownup.⑵可以不与一段时间连用现在完成进行时还可以不带具体的表示一段时间的时间状语。此时它一般表示最近一段时期内正在持续的一般性活动。例：①Ihavebeenthinkingaboutchangingmyjob.②IhavebeenthinkingaboutwhatyousaidandI’vedecidedtotakeyouradvice.③Allthestudentshavebeenstudyinghard,forfinalexamswillstartnextweek.⑶与现在完成时比较（一）A.相同点：a.谓语动作都是表示延续性的。如：live,learn,study,sleep,snow,wait,work,teach,stay等等。b.都与“一段时间”连用。这时，用两种时态几乎没有多大区别。例如：①Ihavebeenlearning∕havelearnedEnglishfortenyears.②Ihavebeenliving／havelivedheresince3yearsago.③Hehasbeensleeping／hassleptforthreehours.④Ihavebeenworking／haveworkedinthiscompanyfor3years.⑤Ithasbeensnowing／hassnowedforalongtime.B.不同点：即使此时两种时态所表达的意思相同，但现在完成时只有与forthreeyears、sincethreeyearsago等这样的表示一段时间的时间状语连用才能表示这类动作。没有这样的时间状语，用现在完成时指的是一个完成了的动作。①Ihaveworked∕havebeenworkinginthiscompanyfor3years。②Ihaveworkedinthiscompany.③Ihavebeenworkinginthiscompany.④Hehasbeensleeping∕hassleptforthreehours.⑤Hehasslept.⑥Hehasbeensleeping.⑦—“Haveyoueverworkedinaforeign-fundedcompany?”—“No,never.”⑧Youlooktired.Haveyoubeenworkinghard?现在完成进行时既可与一段时间状语连用，也可不连用，同样可表达“一直在持续的动作”这一含义。⑷与现在完成时比较（二）：完成进行时强调动作过程，完成时强调动作的结果。①Myhandsareverydirty.I’vebeenpaintingthehouse.②Ihavepaintedthehousegreen.Thehousewaswhite,butnowit’sgreen.③Sorryaboutthemess—I’vebeenpaintingthehouse.④I’vepaintedtworoomssincelunchtime.⑤Ihavebeenreadingyourgrammarbook.AfterIfinishit,I’lldiscusssomeproblemswithyou.⑥IhavereadyourgrammarbookandIhavequestionstoaskyou.⑦IhavebeenreadingthebookyoulentmebutIhaven’tfinishedityet.⑧Ihavereadthebookyoulentme,soyoucanhaveitbacknow.⑨一Oh,Ihavebeensittinginthesamepositiontoolong.Mylegshavefallenasleep.—Shakeitalittlebeforeyougetup.完成进行时表示活动的延续性；完成时强调动作的结果。2.用法（二）：刚刚结束的动作⑴动作持续到说话时为止①I’mtryingtostudy.I’vebeentryingtostudyforthelasthour,butsomethingalwaysseemstointerruptme.IthinkI’dbettergotothelibrary.②Wherehaveyoubeen?I’vebeenlookingforyouforthelasthalfhour.③Youhavejustarrivedtomeetafriendwhoiswaitingforyou.Youask,“Haveyoubeenwaitinglong?”④I’msosorryI’mlate.Haveyoubeenwaitinglong?⑤Thankyousomuchforthebinoculars.I’vebeenwantingapairforages.⑵不久前刚刚结束的动作（这是完成时没有的用法）①Yourfriendisoutofbreath.Youask,“Haveyoubeenrunning?”②Whyareyourclothessodirty?Whathaveyoubeendoing?③Thelittleboyisdirtyfromheadtofootbecausehehasbeenplayinginthemud.④Youmeetafriendinthestreet,whosefaceandhandsareverydirty.Youask,“Whathaveyoubeendoing?”3.用法（三）：重复发生的动作①EverySundaytheymeetinthesamebar.They’vebeengoingthereforyears.②Overthepastfewyears,manytownsintheUnitedStateshavebeenjoiningwithneighboringcommunitiestosharethecostsofgovernment.③We’vebeenwritingtoeachotherforyears.④I’vebeengettingupearlysinceIenteredthecollege.⑤Thepricehasbeengoinguprecently.Iwonderwhetheritwillremainso.⑥You’vebeenstayinguplateagain?⑦KoreanshavebeenmarryingU.S.soldiersstationedheresincethe1950s.Thepeakyearswereduringthe1970s,whenmorethan4,000koreansmarriedU.S.soldierseachyear.⑴与现在完成时比较（三）A.用短暂动词的完成进行时表示重复①EverySundaytheymeetinthesamebar.They’vebeengoingthereforyears.②Overthepastfewyears,manytownsintheUnitedStateshavebeenjoiningwithneighboringcommunitiestosharethecostsofgovernment.③I’vebeengettingupearlysinceIenteredthecollege.B.重复动作的分割性①Ihavebeensittinginclasssince8o’clockthismorning.②Ihavehadthreeclassessince80’clockthismorning.③Ithasbeensnowingallday,Iwonderwhenitwillstop.④Wehavehadthreemajorsnowstormssofarthiswinter.Iwonderhowmanymorewewillhave.⑤Thephonehasbeenringingforalmostaminute.Whydoesn’tsomeoneanswerit?⑥Thephonehasrungfourtimesthismorning,andeachtimeithasbeenforClint.⑦I’vebeenwritingtheletterthismorningandwon’tfinishuntilnoon.⑧I’vewrittenthreeletterssofarthismorning.⑨I’vewrittenthemthreetimes,butIstillhaven’treceivedareply.⑩I’vebeenchattingonlineforalittleoverthreeyearsandhavemethundredsofpeople.Onecommonthingofthosewhohavemetothersinreallifeis:“Don’tbasetherestofyourlifeonaweekortwo”,meaningdon’tspendaweekortwowithyouronlinelover,thenmoveinwiththemandgetmarried.⑵与现在完成时比较（四）不能用于进行时态的动词，同样不能用于现在完成进行时。①HowlonghaveyouknownJane?②HowlonghaveyoubeenknowingJane?（×）二、过去完成进行时过去完成进行时与过去完成时之间的关系，同现在完成进行时与现在完成时之间的关系一样。它的用法与现在完成进行时基本相同，只是将“坐标时问”移到过去。同样是强调动作的持续性，表示开始于过去某个时刻之前的动作持续到过去这一时刻，并继