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河北传媒学院毕业论文课题名称函数信号发生器姓名:所在系:信息技术系年级:08级专业:应用电子技术指导教师:2011年4月25I目录目录········································································Ⅰ摘要········································································Ⅱ第一章绪论···································································1第二章基本原理······························································22.1函数发生器的组成························································22.2方波发生器····························································22.3三角波发生器··························································42.4正弦波发生器··························································6第三章稳压电源····························································83.1直流稳压电源设计思路···················································83.2直流稳压电源原理·······················································83.3设计方法简介··························································10第四章振荡电路····························································114.1RC振荡器的设计······················································12第五章功率放大器····························································145.1OTL功率放大器·······················································14第六章系统工作原理与分析·····················································166.1ICL8038芯片简介······················································166.2ICL8038的应用······················································166.3ICL8038原理简介······················································16致谢········································································18心得体会······································································19参考文献······································································20附录1·········································································21附录2·········································································22附录3·········································································23附录4·········································································24II摘要本次设计的论文是以系统ICL8038集成块为核心器件,制作一种函数信号发生器,制作成本较低,工艺也比较简单。ICL8038是一种具有多种波形输出的精密振荡集成电路,只需要个别的外部元件就能产生从0.001Hz~30KHz的低失真正弦波、三角波、矩形波等脉冲信号。输出波形的频率和占空比还可以由电流或电阻控制。另外由于该芯片具有调制信号输入端,所以可以用来对低频信号进行频率调制。函数信号发生器根据用途不同,有产生三种或多种波形的函数发生器,其电路中使用的器件可以是分离器件,也可以是集成器件,产生方波、正弦波、三角波的方案有多种,如先产生正弦波,根据周期性的非正弦波与正弦波所呈的某种确定的函数关系,再通过整形电路将正弦波转化为方波,经过积分电路后将其变为三角波。也可以先产生三角波-方波,再将三角波或方波转化为正弦波。随着电子技术的快速发展,新材料新器件层出不穷,开发新款式函数信号发生器,器件的可选择性大幅增加,例如ICL8038就是一种技术上很成熟的可以产生正弦波、方波、三角波的主芯片。所以,可选择的方案多种多样,技术上是可行的。关键字:ICL8038;函数发生器;方波;正弦波;三角波1函数信号发生器第一章绪论函数信号发生器是工业生产、产品开发、科学研究等领域必备的工具,它产生的锯齿波和正弦波、矩形波、三角波是常用的基本测试信号。在示波器、电视机等仪器中,为了使电子按照一定规律运动,以利用荧光屏显示图像,常用到锯齿波信号产生器作为时基电路。例如,要在示波器荧光屏上不失真地观察到被测信号波形,要求在水平偏转线圈上加随时间线性变化的电压——锯齿波电压,使电子束沿水平方向匀速搜索荧光屏。对于三角波,方波同样有重要的作用,而函数信号发生器是指一般能自动产生方波正弦波三角波以及锯齿波阶梯波等电压波形的电路或仪器。因此,建议开发一种能产生方波、正弦波、三角波的函数信号发生器。函数信号发生器根据用途不同,有产生三种或多种波形的函数发生器,其电路中使用的器件可以是分离器件,也可以是集成器件,产生方波、正弦波、三角波的方案有多种,如先产生正弦波,根据周期性的非正弦波与正弦波所呈的某种确定的函数关系,再通过整形电路将正弦波转化为方波,经过积分电路后将其变为三角波。也可以先产生三角波-方波,再将三角波或方波转化为正弦波。随着电子技术的快速发展,新材料新器件层出不穷,开发新款式函数信号发生器,器件的可选择性大幅增加,例如ICL8038就是一种技术上很成熟的可以产生正弦波、方波、三角波的主芯片。所以,可选择的方案多种多样,技术上是可行的。2第二章基本原理2.1函数发生器的组成函数发生器一般是指能自动产生正弦波、方波、三角波的电压波形的电路或者仪器。电路形式可以采用由运放及分离元件构成;也可以采用单片集成函数发生器。根据用途不同,有产生三种或多种波形的函数发生器,本课题介绍方波、三角波、正弦波函数发生器的方法。函数信号发生器是是由基础的非正弦信号发生电路和正弦波形发生电路组合而成。下面我们将分别对各个波形的发生进行分析,从而达到在合成电路时使电路更加合理。2.2方波发生器:如图2.2.1用运算放大器滞回比较器和fR、C积分电路组成的,输出电压经fR、C反馈到运放的反相输出端,因此积分电路起延迟和负反馈作用。图2.2.1方波发生器电路图参看图2.2.1所示电路,设在接通电源的时刻,电容器两端电压0Cu,输出电压ZOUu,则加到运放同相输出端的电压为ZZPFUURRRu212。式中,)(212RRRF。此时ZOUu通过1R向C充电,使运放反相输入电压CNuu由零逐渐上升。在PNuu以前,ZOUu保持不变。在1tt时刻,Nu上升到略高于Pu,Ou由高电平跳到低电平,即变为ZU。ZOUu时,ZPFUu,同时ZOUu通过fR向C充电,使运放反相输入端电压CNuu由零逐渐上升。在PNuu以前,ZOUu保持不变。在2tt时刻,Nu下降3到略低于Pu,Ou由低电平跳到高电平,即变为ZU,又回到原始状态。如此周而复始,循环不已,因此产生振荡,输出方波。根据上边的分析,可以画出Cu与Ou的波形如下图所示:图2.2.1方波发生器输出波形由波形可知,Cu从1t时刻的ZZZFURRUR)(21下降到2t时刻的ZFU,再上升到3t时刻的ZFU,所需的时间就是一个振荡周期OT在1t到2t这段时间,Cu的变化规律是简单RC电路充放电规律,其常数为CRf,初始值为ZFU(1t时刻),终了值为ZU(t→∞),故CRttZZZCfeUFUUu/)(1)]([在2tt时,ZCFUu,代入上式后可求得)21ln(11ln1212RRCRFFCRttff同样可求得)21ln(121223RRCRttttf由于高低电平所占的时间相等,故Ou是方波。其振荡周期为)21ln(21213RRCRttTf若选取适当的1R、2R值,使47.0)(212RRRF,则CRTf2,于是振荡频率为:Ttwt-Uz0+Uztt1t2uoucUTH20UTH1CRTff211042.3三角波发生器:根据RC积分电路输入和输出信号波形的关系可知,当RC积分电路的输入信号为方波时,输出信号就是三角波,由此可得,利用方波信号发生器和RC积分电路就可以组成三角波信号发生器。三角波信号发生器的电路组成如图2.2.3所示。图中的运算放大器1A组成方波信号发生器,2A组成RC积分电路。该电路的工作原理是:方波信号发生器输出的方波。图中1A等还可构成同相滞回比较器,2A和4R、C等组成反相积分电路。信号输入积分电路,在积分电路的输出端得到三角波信号。积分电路的输出端除了输出三角波信号外,并通过电阻R1将三角波信号反馈到滞回电压比较器的输入端,将三角波信号整形变换成方波信号输出。该电路的工作波形图如图2.3.3所示。图2.3.3三角波发生器电路图根据上图可以看出在t=0时,比较器1A输出电压为高电平,电容两端的电压为零,即1pu略低于ZOUu)0(1,0)0(Cu,则积分电路输出电压0)0()0(COuu。此时电容被充电,显然于是Ou线性下降,1Pu也下降,直到1tt时,1Pu略低于)0(11NNuu,即1pu略低于零时,1Ou从ZU突跳到ZU,同时1Pu也跳变到更低的值(比零低的多)。可见,在1tt前的一瞬间,01Pu,ZOUu1,而从流过1R和2R的电流相等,则211)(RURtuZO,故1tt后,由于ZOUu1,故电容放电,其两端电压因tZCZCttCRUtudtUCRu01414)()()(1ZOCURRtutu2111)()(ZOURRtu211)(tCRUdUCRtuZttZO40411)(5故于是Ou线性上升,1Pu也上升。直到2tt时,1Pu略大于零,1Ou从ZU突跳到ZU。可见,在2tt前的一瞬间,01Pu,ZOUu1,则212)(RURtuZO,故在2tt以后电路周而复始,循环不以,形成振荡。则根据分析可以画出1Ou和Ou的波形,如图2-3-4所示。图2.3.4三角波发生器波形图其中1Ou为方波,Ou为
本文标题:函数发生器论文设计1
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