体验商务英语3 Chapter 01 Globalization

ShandongEconomicUniversity山东经济学院·国际贸易学院SchoolofInternationalTrade,ShandongEconomicUniversityChapter1第一章Globalization全球化1-2山东经济学院·国际贸易学院SchoolofInternationalTrade,ShandongEconomicUniversityWearenotaglobalbusiness.Weareacollectionoflocalbusinesseswithintenseglobalcoordination.PercyBarnevik,Swedishbusinessleader•WhatdoesBarnevikmeanbyit?HemeansthatcompanyXrespondstolocalneedswithlocalsolutions,butneverthelesshasageneralglobalstrategyandaglobalcommunicationsystemwhichkeepseveryonepullinginthesamedirection.1-3山东经济学院·国际贸易学院SchoolofInternationalTrade,ShandongEconomicUniversityQuestionsforDiscussionWhatisglobalization?Whatarethemainramificationsofglobalization?Doglobalcompaniesdomoreharmthangood?Areyouinfavorofglobalizationoragainstit?Whataretheimpactsofglobalization?1-4山东经济学院·国际贸易学院SchoolofInternationalTrade,ShandongEconomicUniversityWatchandAnswerWatchavideoabout“globalization”andanswerthefollowingquestions.Whatisglobalization?Whatarethemaincontributorsofglobalization?Whatarethethreemainareasofglobalization?Whowinswithglobalization?1-5山东经济学院·国际贸易学院SchoolofInternationalTrade,ShandongEconomicUniversityWhatIsGlobalization?Theworldismovingawayfromself-containednationaleconomiestowardaninterdependent,integratedglobaleconomicsystem世界上的各国家正在从自给自足的经济模式走向一个相互依存的，一体化的全球经济体系Globalizationreferstotheshifttowardamoreintegratedandinterdependentworldeconomy全球化（Globalization）是指全球向一个更加一体化和相互依存的世界经济体系的转变1-6山东经济学院·国际贸易学院SchoolofInternationalTrade,ShandongEconomicUniversityDesignedinGermanyAssembledinChinaComponentmadefromCzechRepublicSteelfromJapanandKoreaRubberfromMalaysiaYoufillthecarwiththeGasfromBPbyaBritishcompanyTheoilisfromPersianGulfbyaFrenchoilcompanyTransportedbyshipownedbyaGreekcompanyYoutalkonaNokiacellphonedesignedinFinlandChipsproducedinTaiwanChipsdesignedbyIndiaengineersUsingsoftwaremadebyAmericanIroncorefromAustraliaAndBrazilanPeruFeelHungry?arestaurantrunbyaChineseFastfoodandSoftdrinksbyAmericanMacDonaldandCoca-colaApictureofGlobalization!1-7山东经济学院·国际贸易学院SchoolofInternationalTrade,ShandongEconomicUniversityWhatIsGlobalization?Globalizationhastwofacets:全球化有两个方面:1)theglobalizationofmarkets市场全球化2)theglobalizationofproduction生产全球化1-8山东经济学院·国际贸易学院SchoolofInternationalTrade,ShandongEconomicUniversityTheGlobalizationOfMarketsTheglobalizationofmarketsreferstothemergingofhistoricallydistinctandseparatenationalmarketsintoonehugeglobalmarketplace市场的全球化是指拥有不同历史的和独立的国家市场合并成一个庞大的全球市场Inmanyindustries,itisnolongermeaningfultotalkaboutthe“Germanmarket”orthe“Americanmarket”在许多行业，讨论所谓的“德国市场”或“美国市场”都不将有任何意义Instead,thereisonlytheglobalmarket相反，只有全球市场1-9山东经济学院·国际贸易学院SchoolofInternationalTrade,ShandongEconomicUniversity1-10山东经济学院·国际贸易学院SchoolofInternationalTrade,ShandongEconomicUniversityTheGlobalizationOfMarketsTherearethreecauses:1.Fallingtradebarriersmakeiteasiertosellinternationally各国贸易壁垒的削弱使得全球市场的销售更加方便容易2.Thetastesandpreferencesofconsumersareconvergingonsomeglobalnorm消费者的口味和偏好正在向一些全球的准则趋同3.Firmshelpcreatetheglobalmarketbyofferingthesamebasicproductsworldwide跨国公司通过向全球提供一些相同的产品来促进全球市场的形成1-11山东经济学院·国际贸易学院SchoolofInternationalTrade,ShandongEconomicUniversityTheGlobalizationOfProductionTheglobalizationofproductionreferstothesourcingofgoodsandservicesfromlocationsaroundtheglobetotakeadvantageofnationaldifferencesinthecostandqualityoffactorsofproductionlikeland,labor,andcapital生产全球化是指商品和服务的采购扩展到全世界各地，在全世界各国的采购充分考虑和利用各地不同的优势，如土地、劳动力、资本等生产要素的质量和成本Companiescompetemoreeffectivelybyloweringtheiroverallcoststructureorimprovingthequalityorfunctionalityoftheirproductoffering公司通过降低整体成本结构和提高质量或加速其产品供应来实现更有效地竞争1-12山东经济学院·国际贸易学院SchoolofInternationalTrade,ShandongEconomicUniversity1-13山东经济学院·国际贸易学院SchoolofInternationalTrade,ShandongEconomicUniversityTheEmergenceOfGlobalInstitutionsInstitutionsareneededto:全球性公共机构的职能有：helpmanage,regulate,andpolicetheglobalmarketplace协助管理、规范和监督全球市场promotetheestablishmentofmultinationaltreatiestogoverntheglobalbusinesssystem推动建立基于多国条约的全球业务管理系统1-14山东经济学院·国际贸易学院SchoolofInternationalTrade,ShandongEconomicUniversityTheEmergenceOfGlobalInstitutionsInstitutionscreatedoverthepasthalfcenturyinclude:在过去的半个世纪里设立的机构包括:theGeneralAgreementonTariffsandTrade(GATT)theWorldTradeOrganization(WTO)theInternationalMonetaryFund(IMF)theWorldBanktheUnitedNations(UN)1-15山东经济学院·国际贸易学院SchoolofInternationalTrade,ShandongEconomicUniversityTheEmergenceOfGlobalInstitutionsTheWorldTradeOrganization(likeitspredecessorGATT)isprimarilyresponsibleforpolicingtheworldtradingsystemandmakingsurethatnation-statesadheretotheruleslaiddownintradetreatiessignedbyWTOmembersIn2009,the153nationsthataccountedfor97%ofworldtradewereWTOmembers(China,Dec11,2001)TheWTOpromoteslowerbarrierstotradeandinvestment1-16山东经济学院·国际贸易学院SchoolofInternationalTrade,ShandongEconomicUniversityTheEmergenceOfGlobalInstitutionsTheInternationalMonetaryFundandtheWorldBankwerecreatedin1944TheIMFwasestablishedtomaintainorderintheinternationalmonetarysystem.TheWorldBankwasestablishedtopromoteeconomicdevelopment1-17山东经济学院·国际贸易学院SchoolofInternationalTrade,ShandongEco