您好,欢迎访问三七文档
2.1ReducedInstructionSetComputers11.architecture体系结构2.RISCReducedInstructionsetComputing精简指令集计算技术比较CISCcomplexInstructionsetComputing复杂指令集计算技术3.assignmentstatement赋值语句4.optimizev.优化optimizer优化器[程序]25.compiler编译器,编译程序compilev.编译compiledlanguage编译语言6.branchn.分支;连接;转移branchinstruction转移指令,分支指令branchpoint转移点,分支点branchprediction转移预测,分支预测37.frequency频率Time时间Amplitude振幅sinewave正弦波period周期phase相位phasedifference相位差4比较constantn.常量9.variablen.变量10.moden.方式,模式,状态compatibilitymode兼容方式5比较model模型module模块modulo模(运算)11.opcode操作码(operationcode)12.decodev.译码decoder译码器,解码器,翻译程序2.2MicroprocessorAndMicrocomputer61.integratedcircuit集成电路integratedsoftware集成软件比较integration集成;芯片封装;积分integrator积分电路,积分器integrity完整性2.semiconductor半导体3.chip芯片74.package软件包;(封装)外壳packagedsoftware套装软件比较packetn.(信息)包;(报文)分组packv.压缩5.descendingsort降序排序比较ascendingsort升序排序86.superscalar超标量结构superclass超类supercomputer超级计算机superconductor超导体superscript上标Amicroprocessorarchitecturethatenablesthemicroprocessortoexecutemultipleinstructionsperclockcycle.遵循此结构的微处理器能在一个时钟周期内执行多条指令。97.complexnumber复数比较realnumber实数8.MultimediaExtensions多媒体扩展(技术)multimedia多媒体extension扩展名9.benckmarkn.基准(测试)程序v.测量性能Atestusedtomeasurehardwareorsoftwareperformance.一种用于测量硬件或软件性能的测试程序。1010.decompressionn.解压缩(uncompression)比较compressionn.压缩compressv.压缩compressorn.压缩器11.conventionn.规定,约定conventionalmemory常规内存12.transistor晶体管(transferresistor)Emitter发射极Base基极Collector集电极1113.odd奇数比较even偶数14.compatibility兼容性1216.idlea.空闲,等待idlestate空闲状态Operationalbutnotinuse.用来说明处在可操作状态但不在使用。1318.launchv.启动,激活19.prototyping原型法20.projectn.投影运算21.workstation工作站2.3Multiprocessing141.parallela.并联;并行parallelaccess并行存取parallelcomputer并行计算机parallelinterface并行接口parallelprocessing并行处理paralleltransmission并行传输比较seriala.串行152.fixeda.固定fixed-lengthfield定长字段fixed-pointarithmetic定点运算3.task任务4.trafficn.通信[业务]量Theloadcarriedbyacommunicationslinkorchannel.通信链路或信道载送的负荷。5.throughoutn.吞吐量166.sharev.共享sharedresource共享资源shareware共享软件7.LAN局域网localareanetwork比较WAN广域网wideareanetworkMAN城域网metropolitanareanetwork8.library(程序)库,库179.singlethreading单线程处理方式single-precision单精度single-usercomputer单用户计算机thread线程;线索threadedtree线索树threading线程技术Withinaprogram,therunningofasingleprocessatatime.在程序中,一次运行一个进程的方式。1810.locala.局部;本地[机]localhost本(主)机比较remotea.远程remoteaccess远程访问remotecommunications远程通信remoteterminal远程终端11.ringnetwork环形网络ringtopology环形拓扑1912.masterprocessor主处理器masterfile主文件masterrecord主记录masterarrangement主配置比较slaven.从设备2013.kerneln.内核[核心]程序Thecoreofanoperatingsystem—theportionofthesystemthatmanagesmemory,files,andperipheraldevices;maintainsthetimeanddate;launchesapplications;andallocatessystemresources.操作系统的内核,是管理内存、文件和外围设备,维持时间和日期,启动应用程序,以及分配系统资源的那部分操作系统。14.SMPsymmetricmultiprocessing对称多处理(技术、体系结构)2.4MeasuringComputerPerformance211.intervaln.间隔,间歇2.parametern.参数3.initializev.初始化initializationn.初始化4.derivedclass派生类Inobject-orientedprogramming,aclasscreatedfromanotherclass,calledthebaseclass.Aderivedclassinheritsallthefeaturesofitsbaseclass.在面向对象程序设计中,从基类中产生的类。派生类继承基类所以的属性。225.clock时钟(电路)Theelectroniccircuitinacomputerthatgeneratesasteadystreamoftimingpulses—thedigitalsignalsthatsynchronizeeveryoperation.计算机内的产生稳定的时序脉冲信号的电子电路,该数字信号同步每次操作。clockrate时钟频率clockspeed时钟速度clockpulse时钟脉冲236.MIPSmillionsofinstructionspersecond百万条指令每秒Acommonmeasureofprocessorspeed.一种测量处理器运行速率的度量单位。7.sortv.排序;分类bubblesort冒泡排序distributivesort分布排序insertionsort插入排序mergesort合并排序quicksort快速排序248.portn.端口v.转出,移出Aninterfacethroughwhichdataistransferredbetweenacomputerandotherdevices(suchasaprinter,keyboardormouse),anetwork,oradirectconnectiontoanothercomputer.一种接口,数据通过它可以在计算机和其他设备之间、网络之间或者其他直接相连的计算机之间进行传输。Tochangeaprograminordertobeabletorunitonadifferentcomputer.改变一个程序,使之能在不同的计算机上运行。3.1BooleanAlgebra251.Booleanalgebra布尔代数Booleanexpression布尔表达式Booleanoperator布尔运算符2.complement补码Complementaryoperation求反运算263.union并集比较intersect交difference差4.negation非5.vector向量3.2GraphTheory271.vertex顶点2.edge边3.graph图Ifanytwonodesinagraphcanbeconnectedbyapathalongedges,thegraphissaidtobeconnected.如果图中任意两个结点间都能够用一条路径沿着边线连接起来,那么该图则被称为连通的。28Asubgraphisasubsetofthenodesandedgeswithinagraph.子图是图中结点和边线的子集。Agraphisdirected(adigraph)ifeachedgelinkstwonodestogetheronlyinonedirection.如果每条边线仅在一个方向上将两个结点连接起来,则该图为有向图。Agraphisweightedifeachedgehassomevalueassociatedwithit.如果每条边线都有一些相关的值,则该图为加权图。294.Loopn.v.循环loopcheck循环检测loopconfiguration循环配置loopstructure循环结构5.circuitn.电路circuitboard电路板306.tree树root根child孩子parent双亲leafnode叶子结点subtree子树3.3CombinatorialProblems311.combinatorics组合数学Abranchofmathematicsrelatedtoprobabilityandstatistics,involvesthestudyofcounting,grouping,andarrangementoffinitesetsofelements.有关概率和统计的一个数学分支,研究对元素的有限集合的计算、分组和排列。2.counter计数器countingloop计数循环323.list表listbox列表框比较queue队列deque双端队列stack堆栈4.naturalnumber自然数Anintegerthatisequaltoorgreaterthanzero.大于等于零的整数。33naturallanguage自然语言5.error错误criticalerror严重错误fatalerror致命错误harderror硬错误inherenterror固有错误intermittenterror间歇错误logicerror逻辑错误overflowerror溢出错34erroranalysis错误分析errorchecking错误检测法error-correctingcode纠错码errordetectionandcorrection检错纠错法errorrate出错率e
本文标题:计算机专业常用英语
链接地址:https://www.777doc.com/doc-3380898 .html