英语表语从句讲解

什么叫名词性从句？•在句子中起名词作用的句子叫名词从句(NounClauses）•名词从句的功能相当于名词词组,它在复合句中能担任主语、宾语、表语、同位语等•因此根据它在句中不同的语法功能，名词从句又可分别称为主语从句、宾语从句、表语从句和同位语从句名词性从句nounclause主语从句subjectclause宾语从句objectclause表语从句predicativeclause同位语从句appositiveclauseHisstoryisinteresting.Whathesaidisinteresting.Iheardhisstory.Iheardwhathesaid.Ilistentohisstory.Ilistentowhathesaid.Thisishisstory.Thisiswhathesaid.Theideaofgoingthereisgood.Theideathatweshouldgothereisgood.名词性从句中的连接词连词:that/whether/asif(though);连接代词:what/who/which/whose/whatever/whoever/whomever/whichever，连接副词:where/when/why/how/wherever/whenever引导词•句型转换•1.Theyaregooddoctors.Hetoldus.→•2.Hehadn’tsaidanythingatthemeeting.Thefactsurprisedus.→Hetoldusthattheyweregooddoctors.Thefactthathehadn’tsaidanythingatthemeetingsurprisedus.总结：当从句原来是陈述句时，变成名词性从句用that引导。3.Doesyoursistergetupearly?Doyouknow?→4.Doanimalshavethesamesensesashumans?Ioftenwonder.→Doyouknowif/whetheryoursistergetsupearly?Ioftenwonderif/whetheranimalshavethesamesensesashumans.总结：当从句原来是一般疑问句时，变成名词性从句用if或whether引导。5.Whendidhebuythisnewbike?Couldyoutellme?→6.Myquestionisthis:wherewillthelecturebegiven?→Couldyoutellmewhenheboughtthisnewbike?Myquestioniswherethelecturewillbegiven.总结：当从句原来是特殊疑问句时，变成名词性从句还用原来的特殊疑问词来引导。总结：名词性从句必须用陈述句语序。所有名词性从句要有且仅有一个引导词，除宾语从句的that外其他均不能省略。其结构为引导词+陈述语序PredicativeClauses表语从句表语从句的定义：表语从句在复合句中作主句的表语。表语从句和主语指同一内容，它对主语进行解释、说明，使主语的内容具体化。结构是“主语+系动词+表语从句”。可以接表语从句的系动词有be,look,remain,seem等。连接词：that/whether/asif/asthough连接代词：who/whom/whose/which/what连接副词：when/where/why/how/because1.Thequestioniswhetherwecanrelyonhim.2.That’sbecausewewereinneedofmoneyatthattime.3.Helookedasifhewasgoingtocry.4.That’swhyIwaslate.引导词的用法（一）that在表语从句中,又。Thefactisthathehasn’tyetrecoverfromillness.Thereasonwhyhehastogoisthathismotherisillinbed.既不充当成分没有意义•whether在表语从句中表,但不充当句子的成分。if引导表语从句.如:1.Whatthedoctorreallydoubtsiswhethermymotherwillrecoverfromtheseriousdiseasesoon.2.Thequestioniswhetheritisworthdoing.“是否”不能引导词的用法（二）what在表语从句中充当______________表示____________________________.1.Thequestioniswhatcausedtheaccident.2.Thatmountainisnolongerwhatitusedtobe.3.Whathetoldyouwaswhathadbeendiscussedatthemeeting.主语、宾语或表语什么，什么样子，或所…的（人或事）引导词的用法（三）who在表语从句中充当______________表示____.1.Theproblemiswhocoulddothework2.Mytroubleiswho(whom)Icanturnto.主语、宾语或表语谁引导词的用法（四）which在引导表语从句时,常充当_____________表示。如：Ireadaboutitinsomebookoranother,butwhatIdon’tknowiswhich(book)itis.定语,表语其中哪一个引导词的用法（五）由asif,asthough引导表语从句，表示好像。句子中的系动词常用look,appear,seem等。1.Itlooksasifitwasdoingtorain.2.Theyoungmanwithlonghairlooksasifhewereagirl.引导词的用法（六）当主句的主语为reason,或者是由why引导的从句时,与它们相关的表语从句用_________,而不能由_______引导;because引导表语从句时只能用于________________________句型中.1.ThereasonwhyIwaslatewasthatImissedthetrain.2.Iwaslate.It/That/ThiswasbecauseImissedthetrain.that来引导becauseIt/That/Thisis/wasbecause…引导词的用法（七）当表语从句中主语、宾语、表语具备，但是还是要表示疑问含义，可以判断句子中缺少状语，常常用相应的特殊疑问词引导，有why,when,where,how等Thisishowhedidit.Thatiswhythebrotherswantedtomakeabet.That’swhywe’vegivenyoutheletter.引导词的用法（八）表语从句引导词注意事项1.that引导表语从句时不能省.2.if不能引导表语从句.3.除that外的所有引导词都有自己的意义。4.除that,whether外的所有引导词都须在从句中充当相应的成分1.That’s___thePartycalledonustodo.A.whyB.whatC.howD.that2.Thereasonis___heisunabletooperatethemachine.A.becauseB.whyC.thatD.Whether3.Thatis___theyseparated.A.thatB.whatC.whichD.where4.Janeisnolonger___shewasfouryearsago.A.whatB.whichC.thatD.when名词主语+be+that引起的表语从句主语名词常常是表示事实，真理的名词，如：fact,truth表示看法，观点、问题、麻烦的名词，如：idea,opinion,belief,view,news,advice,feeling,suggestion,plan,trouble,question,problem,1.Thefactisthatourteamhaswonthegame.2.Thetruthisthatshewastheverypersonwearelookingfor.