您好,欢迎访问三七文档
1物理化学Ⅱ练习题1.298K某非离子表面活性剂溶液浓度为0.2mol·m-3,用机械铲从表面上撇去非常薄的表层,测得表面层中表面活性剂物质的吸附量为3×10-6mol·m-2。已知298K纯水的r*=72×10-3N·m-1,假设稀浓度范围内溶液的表面张力与溶液浓度呈线性关系,试计算该溶液的表面张力r。dcdγRTc-ΓcΓRTdcγd=311326mol2.0298314.8mol103mKKmolmpam=-0.0372Nm2mol-1γ=kc+b当c=0molm-3b=r*=72×10-3Nm-1γ=-0.0372Nm2mol-1c+72×10-3Nm-1当c=0.2molm-3γ=0.06456Nm-12.25℃半径为1m的水滴与蒸气达到平衡,试求水滴的内外压力差及水滴的饱和蒸气压。已知25℃时水的表面张力为71.97×10-3N·m-1,体积质量(密度)为0.9971g·cm-3,蒸气压为3.168kPa,摩尔质量为18.02g·mol-1。△p=kpamN94.143μm11097.712rγ213ρrγM2lnppRTrμm19971.0g02.18m1097.712168.3ln15.298pa314.831-13113cmgmolNkpapKKmolmrpr=3.171kpa23.273K时,用活性炭吸附CHCl3气体,饱和吸附量为93.8dm3·kg-1,若CHCl3的分压为6.6672kPa,其平衡吸附量为73.58dm3·kg-1,(1)计算朗缪尔吸附等温式的b值;(2)CHCl3的分压为13.375kPa时,平衡吸附量为多少?pbVVVamama1111kpabkgmkgmkgm6672.6193.8d1d8.931d58.731131313b=0.5458kpa-1pbVVVamama1111kpapakgmkgmV375.131k5458.093.8d1d8.931111313aVa=82.50dm3·kg-14.已知在298K时,平面上的饱和蒸气压为3167Pa,请计算在相同温度下半径为2nm的水滴表面的蒸气压为若干?设水的摩尔质量为18.016gmol1,密度为1103kgm3,水的表面张力为0.0719Nm1。ρrγM2lnppRTrm2k101g016.18m0719.023167ln298pa314.8331-1113nmgmolNpapKKmolmrpr=5342pa35.原电池Cd︱Cd2+{a(Cd2+)=0.01}‖Cl-{a(Cl-)=0.5}︱Cl2{g,100kPa}︱Pt已知:298K时,E{Cl2(g)︱Cl-}=1.3579V,E{Cd2+︱Cd}=-0.4032V。(1)写出电极反应和电池反应;(2)计算原电池在298K时的电动势E;(3)计算电池反应的摩尔吉布斯函数变△rGm及标准平衡常数阳极Cd→Cd2++2e-阴极Cl2+2e-→2Cl-Cd+Cl2=Cd2++2Cl-)Cd()(lg205916.0)Cdd22aCdaVCEE丨(左VVV46236.001.01lg205916.04032.0222)l(/)(lg205916.0)lCapClpVClCEE丨(右VkpaVV34009.15.0100/kpa100lg205916.03579.12VVVEEE80245.1)46236.0(34009.1左右11r82.34780245.1964852molkJVmolCzFEGm△VVVEEE76119.1)4032.0(3579.1左右KzFRTElnKVVlg205916.076119.1591047.3K6.298K时,原电池Pt︱H2(g,100kPa)︱HCl(b=0.1mol·kg-1)︱Cl2(g,100kPa)︱Pt电动势为1.4881V,计算HCl溶液中HCl的平均离子活度因子。VVVEEE3579.103579.1左右42222lz)(alz/)(/)()(lnznaFRTEHClnFRTEPHppClpHClaFRTEE44v14)ln(z)ln(z)/ln(zbbrFRTEbbbrFRTEbbrFRTEvv)(4111113)11.0ln(mol964852298314.83579.14881.1kgmolkgmolrCKKmolmpaVV7924.0r47.电池Pt,H2(pθ)∣NaOH(aq)∣HgO(s),Hg(l)在298K时的Eθ为0.926V。(1)写出电极反应及电池反应;(2)求算此反应在298K时的平衡常数;(3)若HgO(s)和H2O(l)的标准生成热分别为-90.71和-285.84kJ·mol-1,试计算此电池在308K时的电动势。阳极H2+2OH-→2H2O++2e-阴极HgO+2e-+H2O→Hg+2OH-HgO+H2=Hg+H2OKzFRTElnKVVlg205916.0926.0311002.2K)g,()s,()l,()l,(22HHHgOHHgHOHHHmfmfmfmfmr△△△△△111k13.195)k71.90(k84.285molJmolJmolJmrmrmrSTHG△△△pmrTEFTzFEH)(z△141111086.2298mol964852926.0mol964852k13.195z)(KVKCVCmolJFTzFEHTEmrp△温度变化不大pmrTEFTzFEH)(z△pmrTEFTzFEH)(z'△ppTEFTzFETEFTzFE)(z)(z'VKKKVVTTTEEEp923.0)298308)1086.2(926.0)()(14'(58.下列电池:Pt,H2(pø)|H2SO4(aq)|O2(pø),Pt在298K时E=1.228V,已知液体水的生成热ΔfHmø(298,H2O,l)=-2.851×105J·mol-1。(1)写出电极反应和电池反应;(2)计算此电池电动势的温度系数;假定273K~298K之间此反应的ΔrHm为一常数,计算电池在273K时的电动势。阳极H2→2H++2e-阴极O2+4e-+4H+→2H2O2H2+O2=2H2O1522210702.5)g,(2)g,()l,(2molJHHOHOHHHmfmfmfmr△△△△mrmrmrSTHG△△△pmrTEFTzFEH)(z△1411151037.8298mol964854228.1mol96485410702.5z)(KVKCVCmolJFTzFEHTEmrp△ΔrHm为一常数pmrTEFTzFEH)(z△pmrTEFTzFEH)(z''△ppTEFTzFETEFTzFE)(z)(z''VKKKVVTTTEEEp249.1)298273)1037.8(228.1)()(14''(9.已知下列电池的E(298K)=0.223V,(E/T)p=0.65mVK1,PtH2(P)H(a=1)KCl(a=1)AgCl(s)Ag(s)(1)写出电池反应(2)计算与电池反应对应的rGm,rSm,rHm。21H2+AgCl=HCl+Ag11mk52.21223.0mol964851molJVCzFEGr△111172.62)65.0mol964851)(zKmolJKmVCTEFSpmr(△1111mk21.4072.62298k52.21molJKmolJKmolJSTGHmrrmr)(△△△\610.原电池Pt︱H2(g,p)︱HCl(b=0.1mol·kg-1,γ±=0.795)︱AgCl(s)︱Ag已知:298K时,E{AgCl(s)︱Ag(s)}=0.2221V,E{Ag+︱Ag(s)}=0.7994V。(1)写出电极反应和电池反应;(2)计算原电池在298K时的电动势E及电池反应的标准摩尔吉布斯函数变△rGm;(3)利用已知数据计算298K时AgCl的Ksp。阳极21H2→H++e-阴极AgCl+e-→Ag+Cl-21H2+AgCl=HCl+AgVVVEEE2221.002221.0左右)(}/)({)()()g(lnz212AgClapHpClaHaAaFRTEE22222)/()/(a)()(bbbbClaHa)/lnz2)/(lnz22bbFRTEbbFRTEE(VlVV3522.0)kgmol1/kgmol1.0795.0g05916.022221.011(11mk43.212221.0mol964851molJVCzFEGr△阳极Ag+Cl-→AgCl+e-阴极Ag++e-→AgAg++Cl-=AgClVVVEEE5773.02221.07994.0左右)()()gCl(lnzClaAgaAaFRTEE反应平衡时,E=0。SPKFRTE1lnzspKVVlg05916.05773.01010745.1spK11.写出电池:Cd|Cd2+‖Cu2+|Cu的电池反应,并求出该电池在25℃时的标准电动势E°以及该电池反应的标准平衡常数K0值。(E°Cu2+/Cu=0.337V,E°Cd2+/Cd=-0.403V)Cd+Cu2+=Cd2++CuVVVEEE74.0403.0337.0)(左右KFRTElnzKVVlg205916.074.0251004.1K712.试写出下列电池的电池反应,并求出⑴该电池在25℃时的电动势Eө和E;⑵电池反应的△rGmө和△rGm;(3)标准平衡常数Kө值。Pb|Pb(NO3)2(α=0.02)‖AgNO3(α=0.1)|Ag(EөPb2+/Pb=-0.126V,EөAg+/Ag=0.7991V)Pb+2AgNO3=Pb(NO3)2+2AgVVVEEE9251.0126.07991.0)(左右VlVVAgNOaPbaNOPbaAaFRTEE9162.01.002.0g205916.09251.0)()(})({)g(lnz22323211mk52.1789251.0mol964852molJVCzFEGr△11k80.1769162.0mol964852molJVCzFEGmr△KFRTElnzKVVlg205916.09251.0311088.1K813.镉-甘汞电池反应式为Cd+Hg2Cl2(s)===Cd2++2Cl-+2Hg,如果各物质均处在标准状态下,其原电池电动势与温度的关系式为:E/V=0.671.02×10-4(T/K298)2.4×10-6(T/K298)2(1)写出原电池符号;(2)计算上述电池反应在40℃时的rG,rH和rS各为多少?Cd丨CdCl2(aq)丨Hg2Cl2(s)丨
本文标题:物化下册题库
链接地址:https://www.777doc.com/doc-3399402 .html