SAP MM模块高级标准培训教程

©SAPAGLO0203-1SAPAG1999Contents:OrganizationalLevelsPurchaseOrderProcessingGoodsReceiptInvoiceVerificationBasicsofProcurementProcess©SAPAGLO0203-2SAPAG1999Attheconclusionofthisunit,youwillbeableto:BasicsofProcurementProcess:UnitObjectivesListtheorganizationallevelsintheR/3SystemthatarerelevanttotheprocurementprocessExplaintherelationshipbetweentheseorganizationallevelsIdentifythebasicprocurementprocess©SAPAGLO0203-3©SAPAGLO0203-4SAPAG1999BasicsofProcurementProc.:BusinessScenarioInourenterprise,theresponsibilitiesofthedepartmentsinPurchasing,inthewarehouse,andInvoiceVerificationareorganizedbyregionalandfunctionalconsiderations.TheprojectteamistestinghowitcanmapthisenterprisestructureintheR/3System,usingtherelevantorganizationallevels.©SAPAGLO0203-5IntheSAPR/3System,organizationallevelsarestructuresthatrepresentthelegalororganizationalviewsofacompany.Definingorganizationallevelsisanessentialstepinyourprojectandisvitalforallsubsequentactivities.AnalyzetheorganizationalstructuresandprocessstructuresinyourcompanyandmatchthemwithSAPstructures.Onceyouhavedecidedonanorganizationalstructure,itcanonlybechangedwithagreatdealofeffort.Intheexampleabove,plant1000cannotbeassignedtocompanycode0002.©SAPAGLO0203-6SAPAG1999Theclientisacommercial,organizationalunitwithintheR/3System,withitsowndata,masterrecords,andsetoftables.Fromabusinessperspective,theclientformsacorporategroup.Client©SAPAGLO0203-7BalancesheetsandProfitandLossstatements,requiredbylaw,arecreatedatcompanycodelevel.Youcansetupseveralcompanycodesinoneclientinordertomanagevariousseparatelegalentitiessimultaneously,eachwiththeirownbalancedsetoffinancialbooks.YoucanuseaspecialCustomizingfunctiontocopyacompanycode.Thiscopiesthecompanycodespecificationstoyournewcompanycode.©SAPAGLO0203-8SAPAG1999PlantAplantisanorganizationallogisticsunitthatstructurestheenterprisefromtheperspectiveofproduction,procurement,plantmaintenance,andmaterialsplanning.Aplantisamanufacturingfacilityorbranchwithinacompany.Aplantcanbeoneofthefollowingtypesoflocations:CentraldeliverywarehouseRegionalsalesofficeManufacturingfacilityCorporateheadquartersMaintenanceplantWhencreatinganewplant,youcanusetheplantcopyingfunction.Whenyouusethisfunction,thesystemprocessestheentryintheplanttableandinalldependentCustomizingandsystemtablesinwhichtheplantisincludedasakey.©SAPAGLO0203-9SAPAG1999Thestoragelocationisanorganizationalunitthatallowsthedifferentiationofmaterialstockswithinaplant.InventoryManagementonaquantitybasisiscarriedoutatstoragelocationlevelintheplant.Physicalinventoryiscarriedoutatstoragelocationlevel.StorageLocation©SAPAGLO0203-10Theclientisuniquelydefinedinthesystembyathree-digitalphanumerickey.Auniquefour-digitalphanumerickeyintheclientdefinestheorganizationallevelscompanycodeandplant.Auniquefour-digitalphanumerickeyintheplantuniquelydefinesthestoragelocation.Organizationalstructuresareassignedtoeachother.Forexample,severalplantsmaybeassignedtoonecompanycode.However,aplantcanbeassignedtoonecompanycodeonlyintheR/3System.©SAPAGLO0203-11SAPAG1999PurchasingOrganization/GroupPurchasingorganizationApurchasingorganizationisanorganizationallevelthatnegotiatesconditionsofpurchasewithvendorsforoneormoreplants.Itislegallyresponsibleforcompletingpurchasingcontracts.Apurchasinggroupisthekeyforabuyerorgroupofbuyersresponsibleforcertainpurchasingactivities.Thepurchasingorganizationisresponsibleforthecompany'spurchasingrequirements.Youcanincorporatepurchasingintothecompanystructurebyassigningthepurchasingorganizationtocompanycodesandplants.Thismeansthatyoucandeterminewhetherpurchasingisorganizedcentrallyordecentrallyinyourcompany.Youcanhaveacombinationofcentralizedanddecentralizedpurchasingorganizations.©SAPAGLO0203-12Inplant-specificprocurement,apurchasingorganizationisresponsibleforprocuringmaterialsforoneplantonly.©SAPAGLO0203-13Youcansetupacross-plantpurchasingorganizationforeachcompanycode.Thispurchasingorganizationprocuresmaterialandservicesforallplantsassignedtothecompanycode.©SAPAGLO0203-14Ifyouwanttoorganizepurchasingonacross-company-codebasis,youcannotassignacompanycodetothepurchasingorganizationinCustomizing.Whenyoucreateapurchaseorder,forexample,thesystemasksyoutoenterthecompanycodeforwhichyouwanttoprocurethematerial.©SAPAGLO0203-15SAPAG1999Purch.req.ProcurementProcurementDeterminationofreqmtsPaymentprocessing1188Vendorselection33Sourcedetermination22POprocessing44Purch.ord.102030Goodsreceipt66Invoiceverification77Invoice??POmonitoring55ProcurementCyclePurchaseorder102030Determinationofrequirements:TheuserdepartmentresponsiblecanmanuallypassarequirementformaterialstothePurchasingdepartmentviaapurchaserequisition.IfyouhavesetaMRPprocedureforamaterialinthematerialmaster,theR/3Systemautomaticallygeneratesapurchaserequisition.Determinationofthesourceofsupply:TheR/3Systemhelpsthebuyerdeterminepossiblesourcesofsupply.Youcanusedeterminationofthesourceofsupplytocreaterequestsforquotation(RFQs)andthenenterthequotations.Youcanalsoaccessexistingpurchaseord