动词不定式的作用grammar

动词不定式的时态和语态一般式完成式进行式完成进行式todotohavedonetobedoingtohavebeendoing形式主动被动tobedonetohavebeendone动词不定式的作用to+动词原形•主语(subject)•宾语(object)•表语(predicative)•定语(attribute)•状语(adverbial)•宾补(objectcomplement)不能作谓语。主语(S)•⒈不定式作主语句子的谓语动词常用单数，其位置有以下两种：(1)把不定式置于句首。如：Tobeateacherismyambition.(2)用it作形式主语，把真正的主语不定式置于句后，常用于下列句式中。•Itisnotgoodtosleepduringtheclass.作表语(P)•不定式作表语表示具体动作或将来动作。•Eg：Mydreamistobeasinger.Hisjobistocatchthebadman.1.Seeingistobelieve.Toseeisbelieving.Seeingisbelieving.Toseeistobelieve.×√√×2.Allyouhavetodois(to)finishthejobquickly.如果主语部分有个表示不定式内容的do，用作表语的不定式可省略to作宾语(O)•Eg：Wemustlearntoworkhardandtosavemoney.我们必须学会勤俭节约。Idecidetostudyhard.•我决心努力学习。作宾补（Oc）•Eg：MyMumdidn’tallowmetofallinlovewithher.•Nobodywantsyoutodolikethat.•注意：使役动词make,have,let;感官动词see,watch,observe,hear,notice等后面作宾补的不定式不带to。•Eg:Hisconductmademelaugh.•Inoticeabeautifulgirlsithere.Ididn’taskyoutopayforthemeal.Theyhavewarnedustobecarefulofrats.不定式在下列动词后作宾语补足语时，要省略to“感觉”feel“听”hear,listento“使役动词”have,make,let“看”see,lookat,observe,watch,notice但当以上的动词用于被动式，to要还原：1.Theysawtheboyfallsuddenlyfromthetree.Theboywasseentofallsuddenlyfromthetree.2.MothermadeJohnwashthecarforaweek.Johnwasmadetowashthecarforaweek.作定语(A)•Eg：Therearesomanywordstosay.•Themantoarriveismyuncle.•要来的那个人是我的叔叔。区分：动名词作定语表示正在进行•Eg：Themanstandingthereismyuncle.•正站在那里的那个人是我的叔叔•不定式短语作定语和被修饰词之间表示以下关系：(1)表示将来的动作。(2)与被修饰词之间有主动关系Ⅳ.作定语(常常表示将来的动作)1.不定式做定语时常放在被修饰的名词或代词之后Shewasverybusyandhadnotimetovisitherfriends.Ladiesandgentlemen,Ihavesomethingimportanttotellyou.2.当名词被thefirst,thelast,theonly等词以及形容词最高级修饰时eg:Sheisalwaysthefirsttocomeandthelasttoleave.①②4.如果不定式是不及物动词,则后面需适当的介词Pleasepassmesomepapertowrite____.Shehasanicepentowrite_____.Heboughtaflatforthefamilytolive____.5.Doyouhavealettertosend?Doyouhavealettertobesent?你有信要我寄吗？你有信要寄吗？onwithin3.也可用在have…todo和therebe句型中。Thereisnoonetotakecareofher.Ihavenojewelrytowear.eg:Hespokeloudly(soas/inorder)tobeheard.作状语1.表示目的:to/inorderto/soastoTogetsuccess,youmustworkhard.Wemustdoeverythingwecantohelpthem.Weallwentouttheclassroomtoseethefamousfilmstar.Ⅴ.作状语2.表示原因不定式可以用在作表语的形容词后作状语,sorry,surprised,happy,glad,eager,angry,foolish,right,wrong,slow,quick,rude,cruel,disappointed等。eg:I’mglad/pleasedtoseeyou.Weweresurprisedtohearthenews.I’mgladtoseeyou.Tomisnotabletogototheparty.3.结果状语:so+adj./adv.+astodo…such+adj.+n.+astodo…adj./adv.+enough+todotoo+adv./adj.+todo③Wehurriedtothestationonlytofindthetrainhadleft.Hewassofoolishastobelieveit.=Hewassuchafoolastobelieveit.=Hewasfoolishenoughtobelieveit.I’mtootiredtowalkanyfurthertonight.①②1.Itisgoodtohelpothers.2.Itismyambitiontomakesurethatthedisabledpeopleinourneighborhoodhaveaccesstoallpublicbuildings.3.MyambitionistoworkinthecomputerindustrywhenIgrowup.Identifyitsfunction.(subject)(subject)(predicative)想一想4.Idon’thavetimetositaroundfeelingsorryformyself.5.Iamtheonlystudentinmyclasstohaveapetsnake.6.Abigcompanyhasdecidedtobuyitfromme.7.MyfellowstudentshavebeguntoacceptmeforwhoIam.(attribute)(attribute)(object)(object)8.Ihavehadtoworkhardtoliveanormallife.9.SomedaysIamtootiredtogetoutofbed.10.Wemustcallonlocalgovernmenttogivefinancialassistancetodisabledpeople.(adverbial)(adverbial)(objectcomplement)动词不定式的时态和语态一般式完成式进行式完成进行式todotohavedonetobedoingtohavebeendoing形式主动被动tobedonetohavebeendone1.Iaskedhimtoattendthemeeting.2.HeseemstobereadingEnglishpoems.3.HeissaidtohavetranslatedthebookintoEnglishlastyear.（toattendthemeeting动作发生在ask后)（seem和read同时发生,强调动作正在进行）（translatethebook发生在besaid之前）Thequestionisverydifficulttoanswer.Theproblemisdifficulttodealwith.1.主语＋be+adj.+todo能用于此句型的形容词有：difficult,easy,comfortable,fit,hard,pleasant,tiresome(使人疲劳的),interesting,nice,heavy,dangerous,light,important,etc.主动形式表被动意义的不定式Theboxislightenoughtocarry.Theriverwateriswarmenoughtoswimin.2.主语+be+adj.+enough+todoThebooksseemedtooheavytocarry.Theiceistoothintoskateon.3.主语+be+too+adj.+todo1.LastsummerItookacourseon____.A.howtomakedressesB.howdressesbemadeC.howtobemadedressesD.howdressestobemade2.I’veworkedwithchildrenbefore,soIknowwhat_____inmynewjob.A.expectedB.toexpectC.tobeexpectingD.expects3.Therearefivepairs____,butIamatalosswhichtobuy.AtobechosenBtochoosefromCtochooseDforchoosing5.Iwouldlove___tothepartylastnightbutIhadtoworkextrahourstofinishareport.A.togoB.havinggoneC.goingD.tohavegone6.____lateinthemorning,Bobturnedoffthealarm.A.TosleepB.SleepingC.SleepD.Havingslept4.Ifindtheseproblemsareeasy___.A.tobeworkedoutB.toworkthemoutC.toworkoutD.tobeworkedthemout7.Tomkeptquietabouttheaccident＿＿losehisjob.A.sonotastoB.soasnottoC.soastonotD.notsoasto8.Johnwasmade____thetruckforaweekasapunishment.A.towashB.washingC.washD.tobewashing9.Thepatientwaswarned___oilyfoodaftertheoperation.A.toeatnotB.eatingnotC.nottoeatD.noteating10.It’ssaidthattheOlympicGames____inBeijingin2008willcovermoreeventsthananyotherOlympicsdid.A.holdingB.tobeheldC.heldD.tobeholding11.Willyoupleasetellmewhyyouhadnopen____inclass,Kate?A.tohavewrittenB.tobewrittenwithC.tohavebeenwrittenD.towritewith